Estimating Causal Effects from Family Planning Health Communication Campaigns Using Panel Data The “Your Health, Your Wealth” Campaign in Egypt 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Estimating Causal Effects from Family Planning Health Communication Campaigns Using Panel Data The “Your Health, Your Wealth” Campaign in Egypt 英文参考文献.doc

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Estimating Causal Effects from Family Planning Health Communication Campaigns Using Panel Data The “Your Health, Your Wealth” Campaign in Egypt 英文参考文献

EstimatingCausalEffectsfromFamilyPlanningHealth CommunicationCampaignsUsingPanelData:The‘‘Your Health,YourWealth’’CampaigninEgypt PaulL.Hutchinson*,DominiqueMeekers Department of Global Health Systems and Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America Abstract Background:Healthcommunicationcampaigns–involvingmassmediaandinterpersonalcommunication-havelongbeen utilized by national family planning programs to create awareness about contraceptive methods, to shift social norms relatedtofertilitycontrol,andtopromotespecificbehaviors,suchastheuseofcondoms,injectablemethodsorpermanent sterilization.However,demonstratingtheeffectivenessofthesecampaignsisoftencomplicatedbecausetheinfeasibilityof experimentaldesignsgenerallyyieldsstatisticallynon-equivalentsamplesofcampaign-exposedandunexposedindividuals. Methods:UsingdatafromapanelsurveyofreproductiveagewomeninEgypt,weestimatetheeffectsofthemultimedia healthcommunicationcampaign‘‘YourHealth,YourWealth’’(‘‘SahatekSarwetek’’)onprecursorstocontraceptiveuse(e.g., spousal communication, birth spacing attitudes) and on modern contraceptive use. Difference-in-differences and fixed effects estimators that exploit the panelnature of thedata areemployed tocontrol for both observed andunobserved heterogeneityinthesampleofwomenwhoself-reportrecallofthemessages,therebypotentiallyimprovinguponmethods thatmakenosuchcontrolsorthatrelysolelyoncross-sectionaldata. Findings: All of the estimators find positive effects of the ‘‘Your Health, Your Wealth’’ campaign on reproductive health outcomes, though the magnitudes of those effects diverge, often considerably. Difference-in-differences estimators find thatexposuretothecampaignincreasesthelikelihoodofspousaldiscussionsby14.4percentagepoints(pp.)(SE=.039, p,0.001)buthasnoeffectoncontraceptiveuse.Incontrast,thefixedeffects,instrumentalvariablesestimator,controlling forunobservedheterogeneity,findsalarge,statistic