Epigenetic Silencing of Nucleolar rRNA Genes in Alzheimers Disease 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Epigenetic Silencing of Nucleolar rRNA Genes in Alzheimers Disease 英文参考文献.doc

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Epigenetic Silencing of Nucleolar rRNA Genes in Alzheimers Disease 英文参考文献

EpigeneticSilencingofNucleolarrRNAGenesin Alzheimer’sDisease MaciejPietrzak1,GrzegorzRempala3,PeterT.Nelson4,Jing-JuanZheng1,MichalHetman1,2* 1Department of Neurological Surgery and Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky United States of America, 2DepartmentofPharmacologyandToxicology,UniversityofLouisville,Louisville,KentuckyUnitedStatesofAmerica,3DepartmentofBiostatistics,MedicalCollegeof Georgia,Augusta,Georgia,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4Sanders-BrownCenteronAging,UniversityofKentucky,Lexington,Kentucky,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Ribosomaldeficitsaredocumentedinmildcognitiveimpairment(MCI),whichoftenrepresentsanearlystage Alzheimer’sdisease(AD),aswellasinadvancedAD.ThenucleolarrRNAgenes(rDNA),transcriptionofwhichiscriticalfor ribosomalbiogenesis,areregulatedbyepigeneticsilencingincludingpromoterCpGmethylation. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:ToassesswhetherCpGmethylationoftherDNApromoterwasdysregulatedacrossthe AD spectrum, we analyzed brain samples from 10 MCI-, 23 AD-, and, 24 age-matched control individuals using bisulfite mapping.TherDNApromoterbecamehypermethylatedincerebro-corticalsamplesfromMCIandADgroups.Inparietal cortex, the rDNA promoter was hypermethylated more in MCI than in advanced AD. The cytosine methylation of total genomic DNA was similar in AD, MCI, and control samples. Consistent with a notion that hypermethylation-mediated silencing of the nucleolar chromatin stabilizes rDNA loci, preventing their senescence-associated loss, genomic rDNA contentwaselevatedincerebrocorticalsamplesfromMCIandADgroups. Conclusions/Significance: In conclusion, rDNA hypermethylation could be a new epigenetic marker of AD. Moreover, silencingofnucleolarchromatinmayoccurduringearlystagesofADpathologyandplayaroleinAD-relatedribosomal deficitsand,ultimately,dementia. Citation:PietrzakM,RempalaG,NelsonPT,ZhengJ-J,HetmanM(2011)EpigeneticSilencingofNucleolarrRNAGenesinAlzheimer’sDisease.PLoSONE6(7): e22585.d