Field Margins, Foraging Distances and Their Impacts on Nesting Pollinator Success 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Field Margins, Foraging Distances and Their Impacts on Nesting Pollinator Success 英文参考文献.doc

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Field Margins, Foraging Distances and Their Impacts on Nesting Pollinator Success 英文参考文献

FieldMargins,ForagingDistancesandTheirImpactson NestingPollinatorSuccess SeanA.Rands1*,HeatherM.Whitney2 1CentreforBehaviouralBiology,SchoolofVeterinaryScience,UniversityofBristol,Bristol,UnitedKingdom,2SchoolofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofBristol,Bristol, UnitedKingdom Abstract Theareasofwildlandaroundtheedgesofagriculturalfieldsareavitalresourceformanyspecies.Theseincludeinsect pollinators,towhomfieldmarginsprovidebothnestsitesandimportantresources(especiallywhenadjacentcropsarenot inflower).Nestingpollinatorstravelrelativelyshortdistancesfromthenesttoforage:mostspeciesofbeeareknownto travellessthantwokilometresaway.Inordertoensurethatthesepollinatorshavesufficientareasofwildlandwithinreach of their nests, agricultural landscapes need to be designed to accommodate the limited travelling distances of nesting pollinators.Weusedaspatially-explicitmodellingapproachtoconsiderwhetherincreasingthewidthofwildstripsofland withintheagriculturallandscapewillenhancetheamountofwildresourcesavailabletoanestingpollinator,andifitwould impactdifferentlyonpollinatorswithdifferingforagingstrategies.Thiswasdonebothbycreatingfieldstructureswitha randomised geography, and by using landscape data based upon the British agricultural landscape. These models demonstratethatenhancingfieldmarginsshouldleadtoanincreaseintheavailabilityofforagetopollinatorsthatnest within the landscape. With the exception of species that only forage within a very short range of their nest (less than 125m),agivenamountoffieldmarginmanipulationshouldenhancetheproportionoflandavailabletoapollinatorfor foragingregardlessofthedistanceoverwhichitnormallytravelstofindfood.Afixedamountoffieldedgemanipulation should therefore be equally beneficial for both longer-distance nesting foragers such as honeybees, and short-distance foragerssuchassolitarybees. Citation:RandsSA,WhitneyHM(2011)FieldMargins,ForagingDistancesandTheirImpactsonNestingPollinatorSuccess.PLoSONE6(10):e25971.doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0025971 Editor