First Diagnostic Marine Reptile Remains from the Aalenian (Middle Jurassic) A New Ichthyosaur from Southwestern Germany 英文参考文献.docVIP

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First Diagnostic Marine Reptile Remains from the Aalenian (Middle Jurassic) A New Ichthyosaur from Southwestern Germany 英文参考文献.doc

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First Diagnostic Marine Reptile Remains from the Aalenian (Middle Jurassic) A New Ichthyosaur from Southwestern Germany 英文参考文献

FirstDiagnosticMarineReptileRemainsfromthe Aalenian(MiddleJurassic):ANewIchthyosaurfrom SouthwesternGermany ErinE.Maxwell1,2*,MartaS.Ferna′ndez3,RainerR.Schoch1 1Staatliches Museum fu¨r Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany, 2Museum fu¨r Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut fu¨r Evolutions- und Biodiversita¨tsforschung, Berlin, Germany, 3DepartamentoPaleontolog?′adeVertebrados,MuseodeLaPlata,LaPlata,Argentina Abstract Background:TheMiddleJurassicwasacriticaltimeintheevolutionaryhistoryofichthyosaurs.Duringthistimeinterval,the diverse, well-studied faunas of the Lower Jurassic were entirely replaced by ophthalmosaurids, a new group that arose sometimepriortotheAalenian-BajocianboundaryandbythelatestmiddleJurassiccomprisedtheonlysurvivinggroupof ichthyosaurs.Thus,theMiddleJurassicAalenian-Bathonianinterval(176–165millionyearsago)comprisesthetimeframe during which ophthalmosaurids not only originated but also achieved taxonomic dominance. However, diagnostic ichthyosaur remains have been described previously from only a single locality from this interval, from the Bajocian of Argentina. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this paper, we describe a new species of ichthyosaur based on apartial articulated specimen from the Middle Jurassic of southwestern Germany. This specimen was recovered from the Opalinuston Formation(earlyAalenian)andisreferabletoStenopterygiusaaleniensissp.nov.reflectingfeaturesoftheskullandforefin. ThegenusStenopterygiusisdiverseandabundantintheLowerJurassicofEurope,butitspresencehasnotpreviouslybeen confirmedinyounger(MiddleJurassic)rocksfromthenorthernhemisphere. Conclusions/Significance:ThisspecimenrepresentstheonlydiagnosticichthyosaurremainsreportedfromtheAalenian.It bears numerous similarities in size and in morphology to the Lower Jurassic species of the genus Stenopterygius and providesadditionalevidencethatthemajorecologicalchangeshypothesizedtohaveoccurredattheendoftheToarcian tookplacesometimeafterthispointandmostlikelydidnotoccursuddenly.Thereiscurr