实蝇内共生菌研究进展-生物安全学报.doc

实蝇共生菌研究进展 柳丽君，李志红*，戴阳 （中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院，北京00193） 摘要：实蝇（Diptera，Tephritidae）是重要的农业害虫，严重影响农业生产和果蔬贸易，被许多国家列为重要的检疫性有害生物。实蝇共生菌可以为实蝇提供食物中缺少的蛋白质，使其保持正常的产卵能力，提高其对环境的适应性，对实蝇的生殖和生存具有重要作用。研究实蝇共生菌，对于发现新的实蝇诱饵，提高不育实蝇的环境适应性，以及提出新的实蝇防治技术具有重要意义。本文概括了实蝇共生菌的生物学特性、功能以及相关的研究进展，提出了研究中有待解决的问题，并对下一步的研究热点做出了展望。 关键词：实蝇；内共生菌；研究进展；问题；展望 Research progress in symbionts of fruit flies Liu Li-Jun, Li Zhi-Hong*, Dai Yang (College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China) Abstract: Fruit flies（Diptera，Tephritidae）are a group of important agricultural pests, seriously threatening to agricultural production and fruit-vegetable trades. It is classified as an important quarantine pest by many countries. Symbionts of fruit flies may provide their hosts with proteins absent in the diets and help host keep normal ovipositional ability. In addition, it can also improve the hosts’ adaptability to the environment. What’s important is that symbionts are critical to the reproduction and survival of fruit flies. Researches on fruit flies symbionts can help to find out new baits, enhance the adaptability of sterile male adults and develop new control methods against Tephritidae. In this review, the biological characteristics, function of symbionts in fruit flies and related research progress were summarized. Some problems existing in symbiont research and some prospects for next step were discussed as well. Key words: fruit fly; symbionts; research progress; problems; prospect 昆虫共生菌（symbiont）是指存在于昆虫体内特定部位的微生物，它与宿主昆虫相互依赖、相互影响、协同进化[Baumann et al., 1995]。宿主昆虫为共生菌提供稳定的小生境和营养，共生菌则帮助宿主合成自身不能合成的必须的营养物质，降解宿主体内的有毒物质，协助宿主消化特殊食物[薛宝燕, 2004]; 另有共生菌（例如Wolbachia）可调节宿主昆虫的生殖[龚鹏, 2002]。此外，共生菌还可作为病毒传递的媒介[冯利, 2008]。共生菌分为初级共生菌和次级共生菌两类。初级共生菌垂直传递，调节宿主的存活和繁殖；次级共生菌既可垂直传递，也可在同一世代不同个体间水平传递，影响宿主对环境的适应性[谭周进, 2005]。截至目前，昆虫共生菌研究多集中在社会性昆虫与其共生菌的共生关系上，例如研究最多的蚜虫（aphid）与布克纳什菌（Buchnera aphidicola）的共生关系[Buchner 1965]，舌蝇（tsetse）与魏格沃菌（Wigglesworthia glossinidia）[Aksoy, et al., 1997]，以及烟粉虱与其共生菌的共生关系等[Skal