限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别精要.docVIP

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句提供有关主语或宾语的重要信息，起限定作用，与被修饰部分的关系紧密，如果省略该从句会使主句语义表达不完整。例如： This is the very person that is wanted by the police. He is the man who /that lives next door. It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at the time. 非限制性定语从句只是用来对被修饰部分作补充性的说明，与先行词关系比较松散，先行词与从句间可以用逗号隔开，从句可略去： He will not be able to spend the holiday with his family, which is a big annoyance to him. The minister, who is to visit our university, is said to be a Qinghua University graduate. The book, which your sister bought you in Xinhua Bookstore, is very useful in improving your spoken English. The businessman, whose suitcase has been found by a stranger, has left for Beijing. 如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词的名词词组，其后的定语从句通常为非限制性的。例如： The Thames, which is now clean enough to swim in, was polluted for over a hundred years. My mother, who has been on a visit to Australia, will fly back tomorrow. All of these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the children in Hope School. 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词，代词或名词性词组，而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了是名词及名词性词组外，还可能是句子的一部分或是整个句子。例如： They say he plays truant, which he doesn’t. [which指代plays truant] The meeting was put off till next month, as we hoped. [as指前面的句子] 下面的表格归纳了前面已提到的两者不同之处： 表一：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 1．提供确定或限定主句中某个名词的信息。 1．提供对确定主句中某个名词的非主要附加信息。 2．由深层嵌入句派生而来。 2．由两个独立的深层嵌入句派生而来。 3．无分隔定语从句和主句和停顿或特殊标点符号（逗号/插入语/破折号）。 3．书面语中用逗号，口语中用特殊的停顿和降低声调来把定语从句和主句分隔开来。 4．不可以修饰整个命题，只修饰一个名词。 4．可以修饰一个中心名词，或以评价的形式修饰整个命题。 5．可使用that和who(m),which等关系代词。 5．That不能当作关系代词，只可用wh-代词。 6．不常用来修饰专有名词。 6．既可修饰普通名词，也可修饰专有名词。 7．可修饰带有any 或every等类属限定词的中心名词。 7．不可修饰带有any 或every等类属限定词的中心名词。 3.2 定语从句中的关系代词 3.2.1 关系代词that, which, who在定语从句中做主语 在限制性定语从句中，who或that用于指人，that或which用于指物，它们在定语从句中代替名词性主语或代词性主语，不能省略。例如： He is the man who/that lives here. [不能说：×He is the man who he lives here.] The bag which／that has been put there for a long time belongs to Wang Hong． 3.2.2 who(m), which, that在定语从句中作宾语 表示人的时候用