ACT–English第二章.第二讲.docxVIP

第二讲标点符号PART I 方法论英语中，标点符号的使用与句式及句意都密切相关。ACT-English对于标点符号的考查比例较大。因其用法分类较多，知识点比较琐碎，细心也是拿分的又一关键点。本讲对标点符号进行分类讲解，内容包括各种标点符号的作用、用法、各种相关考题、以及相关标点之间的联系与区别。标点符号分类：逗号、分号、冒号、破折号、撇号用法逗号用法作用:逗号可用于分隔词、短语或者从句，不可用于分隔两个独立句子。ACT-English中逗号用法如下：主语和谓语之间不使用逗号，但当在主语后使用有插入语对句子进行解释时，应使用双逗号将插入语隔开。例如：Tina, a successful businesswoman and a young mother, inspired many mothers in the world to pursue both their careers and family happiness.解析：该句子的主语是Tina,谓语是inspired, a successful businesswoman and a young mother是同位语结构解释说明主语，故使用双逗号。ACT-English考题形式见例题：例题1：Helge Kragh, a science historian at Aarhus University in Denmark, agrees what the manuscript shows is that although by then he accepted the expansion of space, Einsteinwas unhappy with a Universe changing in time.NO CHANGEHelge Kragh a science historian at Aarhus University in Denmark,Helge Kragh, a science historian at Aarhus University in DenmarkHelge Kragh, a science historian, at Aarhus University in Denmark答案：A解题思路根据选项特征，判断此题考标点符号。主语：Helge Kragh；谓语：agrees，双逗号之间的a…in Denmark短语作同位语解释说明主语，用法正确；B，C，D选项均缺少逗号；故此题选A。题目译文丹麦奥胡斯大学的科学史学家赫尔奇·克劳也同意这种说法，该手稿表明，虽然爱因斯坦接受了拓展空间的理论，但是他并不满意宇宙随时变化的这种理论。例题2：These laws ,they thinkcould place bans on the rights of citizens.NO CHANGElaws they, thinklaws, they think,laws they think,答案：C解题思路根据选项特征，判断此题考标点符号。主语：these laws，谓语：could place，句子they think做插入语，主语和谓语之间要有两个逗号，A选项错误；B，D选项同A选项错误；C选项正确，故此题选C。题目译文他们认为这些法律可能会限制公民的权利。副词类关联词（例如however, thus等）放在一个句子中间时，其前后都需要有逗号；但放在句首时，只需要在其后加一个逗号。例如：His most prized time,?however, will be spent quietly in his hometown.ACT-English考题形式见例题：例题：The people with whom she did come in contacthowever, had an enormous impact on her poetry.NO CHANGEcontact; however,C. contact, howeverD. contact, however,答案：D 解题思路根据选项特征，判断此题考标点符号。主语：the people, 谓语：had；however作为副词放在句子中间，前后都要有逗号，A选项缺逗号，错误；B选项分号前后都不是完整句子，用法错误；C选项同A选项错误；D选项however前后都有逗号，用法正确，故此题选D。题目译文然而，和她接触的人对她的诗歌产生了巨大的影响。并列连词and, but, so, or, yet用以连接两个独立句子时，连词前面要加逗号。此规则是逗号用法中的难点，同学们应予以重视。例如:He likes travelling, and he has travelled to many places.A