Multi-Session Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Elicits Inflammatory and Regenerative Processes in the Rat Brain 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Multi-Session Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Elicits Inflammatory and Regenerative Processes in the Rat Brain 英文参考文献.doc

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Multi-Session Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Elicits Inflammatory and Regenerative Processes in the Rat Brain 英文参考文献

Multi-SessionTranscranialDirectCurrentStimulation (tDCS)ElicitsInflammatoryandRegenerativeProcesses intheRatBrain MariaAdeleRueger1,3*.,MeikeHedwigKeuters1,3.,MaureenWalberer1,3,RamonaBraun1,2 , RebeccaKlein1,3,RolandSparing1,GereonRudolfFink1,4,RudolfGraf3,MichaelSchroeter1,3 1DepartmentofNeurology,UniversityHospitalofCologne,Cologne,Germany,2CenterforExperimentalMedicine,UniversityHospitalofCologne,Cologne,Germany, 3Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany, 4Cognitive Neurology Section, Institute ofNeuroscience andMedicine(INM-3), Research Centre Juelich,Juelich,Germany Abstract Transcranialdirectcurrentstimulation(tDCS)isincreasinglybeingusedinhumanstudiesasanadjuvanttooltopromote recoveryoffunctionafterstroke.However,itsneurobiologicaleffectsarestilllargelyunknown.Electricfieldsareknownto influencethemigrationofvariouscelltypesinvitro,buteffectsinvivoremaintobeshown.HypothesizingthattDCSmight elicittherecruitmentofcellstothecortex,weherestudiedtheeffectsoftDCSintheratbraininvivo.AdultWistarrats (n=16) were randomized to either anodal or cathodal stimulation for either 5 or 10 consecutive days (500 mA, 15min). Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)wasgivensystemicallytolabeldividingcellsthroughouttheexperiment.Immunohistochemical analysesexvivoincludedstainingsforactivatedmicrogliaandendogenousneuralstemcells(NSC).Multi-sessiontDCSwith thechosenparametersdidnotcauseacorticallesion.AninnateimmuneresponsewithearlyupregulationofIba1-positive activatedmicrogliaoccurredafterbothcathodalandanodaltDCS.Theinvolvementofadaptiveimmunityasassessedby ICAM1-immunoreactivitywaslesspronounced.Mostinterestingly,onlycathodaltDCSincreasedthenumberofendogenous NSCinthestimulatedcortex.After10daysofcathodalstimulation,proliferatingNSCincreasedby,60%,withasignificant effectofbothpolarityandnumberoftDCSsessionsontherecruitmentofNSC.Wedemonstrateapro-inflammatoryeffect ofbothcathodalandanodaltDCS,andapolarity-specificmigratoryeffectonendogenousNSCinvivo.Ourdatasuggest thattD