Nitrile Hydratase Genes Are Present in Multiple Eukaryotic Supergroups 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Nitrile Hydratase Genes Are Present in Multiple Eukaryotic Supergroups 英文参考文献.doc

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Nitrile Hydratase Genes Are Present in Multiple Eukaryotic Supergroups 英文参考文献

NitrileHydrataseGenesArePresentinMultiple EukaryoticSupergroups AlanO.Marron1*,MichaelAkam1,GiselleWalker2 1DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom,2DepartmentofBotany,UniversityofOtago,Dunedin,NewZealand Abstract Background:Nitrilehydratasesareenzymesinvolvedintheconversionofnitrile-containingcompoundsintoammoniaand organicacids.Althoughtheyarewidespreadinprokaryotes,nitrilehydrataseshaveonlybeenreportedintwoeukaryotes: thechoanoflagellateMonosigabrevicollisandthestramenopileAureococcusanophagefferens.Thenitrilehydratasegenein M.brevicolliswasbelievedtohavearisenbylateralgenetransferfromaprokaryote,andisafusionofbetaandalphanitrile hydratasesubunits.OnlythealphasubunithasbeenreportedinA.anophagefferens. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Herewereportthedetectionofnitrilehydratasegenesinfiveeukaryoticsupergroups: opisthokonts, amoebozoa, archaeplastids, CCTH and SAR. Beta-alpha subunit fusion genes are found in the choanoflagellates, ichthyosporeans, apusozoans, haptophytes, rhizarians and stramenopiles, and potentially also in the amoebozoans. An individual alpha subunit is found in a dinoflagellate and an individual beta subunit is found in a haptophyte.Phylogeneticanalysesrecoveracladeofeukaryotic-typenitrilehydratasesintheOpisthokonta,Amoebozoa, SAR and CCTH; this is supported by analyses of introns andgene architecture. Two nitrile hydratase sequences from an animalandaplantresolveintheprokaryoticnitrilehydrataseclade. Conclusions/Significance:Theevidencepresentedheredemonstratesthatnitrilehydratasegenesarepresentinmultiple eukaryoticsupergroups,suggestingthatasubunitfusiongenewaspresentinthelastcommonancestorofalleukaryotes. The absenceofnitrile hydratase fromseveral sequencedspecies indicates that subunitswere lost inmultipleeukaryotic taxa.Thepresenceofnitrilehydratasesinmanyothereukaryoticgroupsisunresolvedduetoinsufficientdataandtaxon sampling. The retention and expression of the gene in distantly related eukaryotic species sugge