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Novel Sex Cells and Evidence for Sex Pheromones in Diatoms 英文参考文献
NovelSexCellsandEvidenceforSexPheromonesin
Diatoms
ShinyaSato1,2*,GordonBeakes3,MasahikoIdei4,TamotsuNagumo5,DavidG.Mann1
1RoyalBotanicGardenEdinburgh,Edinburgh,UnitedKingdom,2SchoolofBiologicalSciences,InstituteofMolecularPlantSciences,UniversityofEdinburgh,Edinburgh,
United Kingdom, 3School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 4Department of Biology, Bunkyo University, Koshigaya, Saitama,
Japan,5DepartmentofBiology,TheNipponDentalUniversity,Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo,Japan
Abstract
Background: Diatoms belong to the stramenopiles, one of the largest groups of eukaryotes, which are primarily
characterizedbyapresenceofananteriorflagellumwithtubularmastigonemesandusuallyasecond,smoothflagellum.
Basedoncellwallmorphology,diatomshavehistoricallybeendividedintocentricsandpennates,ofwhichonlytheformer
haveflagellaandonlyonthesperm.Molecularphylogeniesshowthepennatestohaveevolvedfromamongthecentrics.
However,thetimingofflagellumloss–whetherbeforetheevolutionofthepennatelineageorafter–isunknown,because
sexualreproductionhasbeensolittlestudiedinthe‘araphid’basalpennatelineages,towhichPseudostaurosirabelongs.
Methods/PrincipalFinding:Sexualreproductionofanaraphidpennate,Pseudostaurosiratrainorii,wasstudiedwithlight
microscopy(includingtimelapseobservationsandimmunofluorescencestainingobservedunderconfocalscanninglaser
microscopy) and SEM. We show that the species produces motile male gametes. Motility is mostly associated with the
extrusion and retrieval of microtubule-based ‘threads’, which are structures hitherto unknown in stramenopiles, their
number varying from one to three per cell. We also report experimental evidence for sex pheromones that reciprocally
stimulatesexualizationofcompatibleclonesandorientatemotilityofthemalegametesafteraninitial‘randomwalk’.
Conclusions/Significance: The threads superficially resemble flagella, in that both are produced by male gametes and
containmicrotubules.However,onestrikingdifferenceisthatthreadscannotbeato
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