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Nuclear Weapons 60 Years On Still a Global Public Health Threat 英文参考文献
Open access, freely available online
Essay
Nuclear Weapons 60 Years On: Still a Global
Public Health Threat
This year marks the 60-year anniversary of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Has the world
learned anything about the threat of nuclear weapons? What role can the health community play in
reducing it?
Rhona MacDonald
T
he United States carried out
the world’s ?rst nuclear test,
codenamed “Trinity,” on
Table 1. Countries That Have Nuclear Weapons
Country
Number of Weapons
16 July 1945 in the desert of New
Mexico. Just three weeks later, on 6
August, the US exploded a uranium
device called “Little Boy” 2,000 feet
above the Japanese city of Hiroshima,
killing around 150,000 people. Three
days later, the US deployed a second
nuclear bomb, a plutonium device
called “Fat Man,” that exploded above
the Japanese city of Nagasaki, resulting
in at least 74,000 deaths. These two
terrible acts heralded the start of the
nuclear age, which reached its peak
during the Cold War.
United States
Russia
10,400
17,000
400
China
France
350
United Kingdom
Israel (estimated)
Pakistan (estimated)
India (estimated)
Total (approximate)
192
75–200
25–50
30–35
29,000
Source: [7].
DOI: 10.1371?journal.pmed.0020301.t001
indicated they would be prepared to
use their nuclear weapons.
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.
After years of negotiations, the
Sixteen years after the fall of the
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty was
overwhelmingly endorsed in 1996
at the United Nations in New York.
To date, it has been signed by 167
countries and rati?ed by 99. The
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
outlaws nuclear testing of any kind and
must be signed and rati?ed by the 44
countries identi?ed as having nuclear
Berlin wall, symbolising the end of the
Cold War, it is easy to forget the terror
that gripped the world over the threat
of a nuclear war that could destroy the
planet. But the state of the world at the
60-year anniversary of the bombing of
Hiroshima should be enough to shake
us from our complace
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