On the Notions of Symmetry and Aperiodicity for Delone Sets 英文参考文献.docVIP

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On the Notions of Symmetry and Aperiodicity for Delone Sets 英文参考文献.doc

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On the Notions of Symmetry and Aperiodicity for Delone Sets 英文参考文献

Symmetry2012,4,566-580;doi:10.3390/sym4040566 OPENACCESS symmetry ISSN2073-8994 /journal/symmetry Article OntheNotionsofSymmetryandAperiodicityforDeloneSets MichaelBaake 1,*andUweGrimm 2 1 2 Fakult¨atf¨urMathematik,Universit¨atBielefeld,Postfach100131,33501Bielefeld,Germany DepartmentofMathematicsandStatistics,TheOpenUniversity,WaltonHall,MiltonKeynes MK76AA,UK;E-Mail:u.g.grimm@open.ac.uk *Authortowhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed;E-Mail:mbaake@math.uni-bielefeld.de. Received:3August2012;inrevisedform:25September2012/Accepted:28September2012/ Published:10October2012 Abstract: Non-periodic systems have become more important in recent years, both theoretically and practically. Their description via Delone sets requires the extension of many standard concepts of crystallography. Here, we summarise some useful notions of symmetryandaperiodicity, withspecialfocusontheconceptofthehullofaDeloneset. Ouraimistocontributetoamoresystematicandconsistentuseofthedifferentnotions. Keywords:Delonesets;tilings;symmetry;aperiodicity 1. Introduction Thenotionofsymmetryfor(fully)periodicobjectssuchasperfectcrystalsiswellestablishedand hasalonghistory. Whilethereareslightlydifferentapproaches,forinstanceviadirectorviaFourier space, there is little dispute what the symmetry of a given structure really is. As it turns out, an importantingredientistheunderlyingperiodicity,whichbringsinadeepconnectionwithlatticesand theirstructures;see[1]forasystematicmathematicalexposition. Thingsaremorecomplexinthesettingofgeneral(discrete)structures,inparticularintheabsence ofnon-trivialperiods. Inparticular,ratherdifferentnotionsareinuseregardingwhatthetermssuch as“periodicity”or“symmetry”aresupposedtomean. Whilethisshouldbenoprobleminprinciple, experienceprovesotherwise.Quitesomeconfusionemergesfromthecomparisonof“results”thatwere phrasedindifferentcontexts,whichasksforsomeclari?cation,ashasbeennotedinthiscontextin[2] (Chapter10). The purpose of this article is to contribute to this questio