Overestimating Fish Counts by Non-Instantaneous Visual Censuses Consequences for Population and Community Descriptions 英文参考文献.docVIP

下载本文档

3
0
约4.18万字
约 9页
2017-05-12 发布于上海
举报
版权申诉

Overestimating Fish Counts by Non-Instantaneous Visual Censuses Consequences for Population and Community Descriptions 英文参考文献.doc

1、原创力文档（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。。
2、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击这里二次下载。
3、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
4、该文档为VIP文档，如果想要下载，成为VIP会员后，下载免费。
5、成为VIP后，下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后，不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
6、成为VIP后，您将拥有八大权益，权益包括：VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
7、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传，每下载1次，网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等，对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档

Overestimating Fish Counts by Non-Instantaneous Visual Censuses Consequences for Population and Community Descriptions 英文参考文献

OverestimatingFishCountsbyNon-InstantaneousVisual Censuses:ConsequencesforPopulationandCommunity Descriptions ChristineWard-Paige1*,JoannaMillsFlemming2,HeikeK.Lotze1 1Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Abstract Background: Increasingly, underwater visual censuses (UVC) are used to assess fish populations. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of protected areas for increasing fish abundance or provided insight into the natural abundance and structure of reef fish communities in remote areas. Recently, high apex predator densities (.100,000 individuals?km22)andbiomasses(.4tonnes?ha21)havebeenreportedforsomeremoteislandssuggestingtheoccurrence of inverted trophic biomass pyramids. However, few studies have critically evaluated the methods used for sampling conspicuousandhighlymobilefishsuchassharks.Ideally,UVCaredoneinstantaneously,however,researchersoftencount animalsthatenterthesurveyareaafterthesurveyhasstarted,thusperformingnon-instantaneousUVC. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Wedevelopedasimulationmodeltoevaluatecountsobtainedbydiversdeployingnon- instantaneous belt-transect and stationary-point-count techniques. We assessed how fish speed and survey procedure (visibility,diverspeed,surveytimeanddimensions)affectobservedfishcounts.Resultsindicatethatthebiascausedbyfish speedaloneishuge,whilesurveyprocedureshadvaryingeffects.Becausethefastestfishestendtobethelargest,thebias would have significant implications on their biomass contribution. Therefore, caution is needed when describing abundance,biomass,andcommunitystructurebasedonnon-instantaneousUVC,especiallyforhighlymobilespeciessuch assharks. Conclusions/Significance: Based on our results, we urge that published literature state explicitly whether instantaneous countsweremadeandthatsurveyproceduresbeaccountedforwhennon-instantaneouscountsareused.Usingpublished dens