Owls May Use Faeces and Prey Feathers to Signal Current Reproduction 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Owls May Use Faeces and Prey Feathers to Signal Current Reproduction 英文参考文献.doc

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Owls May Use Faeces and Prey Feathers to Signal Current Reproduction 英文参考文献

OwlsMayUseFaecesandPreyFeatherstoSignal CurrentReproduction VincenzoPenteriani*,MariadelMarDelgado DepartmentofConservationBiology,Estacio′nBiolo′gicadeDon?ana,CSIC,Seville,Spain Abstract Background:Manyanimalscommunicatebymarkingfocalelementsoftheirhomerangewithdifferentkindsofmaterials. Visualsignalinghasbeendemonstratedtoplayapreviouslyunrecognizedroleintheintraspecificcommunicationofeagle owls (Bubo bubo), in both territorial and parent-offspring contexts. Visual signals may play a role in a variety of circumstancesinthiscrepuscularandnocturnalspecies. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Here,wereportthatalargeamountofextremelyvisiblewhitefaecesandpreyfeathers appearduringthebreedingseasononpostsandpluckingsitesinproximitytothenest,potentiallyrepresentingawayfor eagleowlstomarktheirterritory.Wepresentdescriptiveandexperimentalevidenceshowingthatfaecesandpreyremains could act as previously unrecognized visual signals in a nocturnal avian predator. This novel signaling behavior could indicatetheowls’currentreproductivestatustopotentialintruders,suchasotherterritorialowlsornon-breedingfloaters. Faecesandpreyfeathermarkingsmayalsoadvertiseanowl’sreproductivestatusorfunctioninmate-matecommunication. Conclusions/Significance: We speculate that faeces marks and plucking may represent an overlooked but widespread methodforcommunicatingcurrentreproductiontoconspecifics.Suchmarkingbehaviormaybecommoninbirds,andwe maynowbeexploringotherquestionsandmechanismsinterritoriality. Citation: Penteriani V, Delgado dMM (2008) Owls May Use Faeces and Prey Feathers to Signal Current Reproduction. PLoS ONE 3(8): e3014. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0003014 Editor:DennisMarinusHansen,StanfordUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedFebruary21,2008;AcceptedJuly29,2008;PublishedAugust20,2008 Copyright: ? 2008 Penteriani et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedi