Parietal Cortex Signals Come Unstuck in Time 英文参考文献.docVIP

Primer ParietalCortexSignalsComeUnstuckinTime ErikP.Cook1,ChristopherC.Pack2* 1DepartmentofPhysiology,McGillUniversity,Montreal,Quebec,Canada,2NeurologyNeurosurgery,McGillUniversity,Montreal,Quebec,Canada efforts,thereappearstoexistmultiple,diffuse,andinterconnected timingsystemsinthebrainthatrepresentdifferentabsolutescales [5]. Abstract: Humans and other animals are surprisingly adept at estimating the duration of temporal intervals, evenwithouttheuseofwatchesandclocks.Thisabilityis typicallystudiedinthelabbyaskingobserverstoindicate Regions of the thalamus, striatum, and cortex (especially posterior parietal and prefrontal areas) have all been implicated theirestimateofthetimebetweentwoexternalsensory inavarietyoftimingtasks.Forexample,studieshaveshownthat events. The results of such studies confirm that humans parietal cortex [6], basal ganglia [7], cortico-striatal loops [8], can accurately estimate durations on a variety of time cerebellum[9],andprefrontalcortex[10]haveactivitycorrelated scales. Although many brain areas are thought to contribute to the representation of elapsed time, recent neurophysiologicalstudieshavelinkedtheparietalcortex with the perception of time. Mechanisms such as synaptic plasticity, neural adaptation, and neural circuit dynamics [11] in particular to the perception of sub-second time intervals. In this Primer, we describe previous work on parietalcortexandtimeperception,andwehighlightthe findingsofastudypublishedinthisissueofPLOSBiology, in which Schneider and Ghose [1] characterize single- neuron responses during performance of a novel ‘‘Tem- poral Production’’ task. During temporal production, the observer must track the passage of time without anticipating any external sensory event, and it appears that the parietal cortex may use a unique strategy to supportthistypeofmeasurement. have been shown to be sufficient to allow neural networks to modulatetheiractivityasafunctionofduration[5]. The many brain areas and proposed