Parsing Social Network Survey Data from Hidden Populations Using Stochastic Context-Free Grammars 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Parsing Social Network Survey Data from Hidden Populations Using Stochastic Context-Free Grammars 英文参考文献.doc

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Parsing Social Network Survey Data from Hidden Populations Using Stochastic Context-Free Grammars 英文参考文献

ParsingSocialNetworkSurveyDatafromHidden PopulationsUsingStochasticContext-FreeGrammars ArtF.Y.Poon1*,KimberlyC.Brouwer2,SteffanieA.Strathdee2,MichelleFirestone-Cruz2,RemediosM. Lozada3,SergeiL.KosakovskyPond4,DouglasD.Heckathorn5,SimonD.W.Frost6 1DivisionofComparativePathologyandMedicine,UniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego,LaJolla,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2DivisionofGlobalPublicHealth, Department ofMedicine,University of California San Diego, LaJolla, California, United States ofAmerica, 3Patronato proCOMUSIDA,Tijuana,Baja California, Me′xico, 4Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America,5DepartmentofSociology,CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica,6LaboratoryofViralZoonotics,DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine, UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background:Humanpopulationsarestructuredbysocialnetworks,inwhichindividualstendtoformrelationshipsbased onsharedattributes.Certainattributesthatareambiguous,stigmatizedorillegalcancreateaOhiddenO? ? population,so- calledbecauseitsmembersaredifficulttoidentify.Manyhiddenpopulationsarealsoatanelevatedriskofexposureto infectiousdiseases.Consequently,publichealthagenciesarepresentlyadoptingmodernsurveytechniquesthattraverse socialnetworksinhiddenpopulationsbysolicitingindividualstorecruittheirpeers,e.g.,respondent-drivensampling(RDS). Theconcomitantaccumulationofnetwork-basedepidemiologicaldata,however,israpidlyoutpacingthedevelopmentof computational methods for analysis. Moreover, current analytical models rely on unrealistic assumptions, e.g., that the traversalofsocialnetworkscanbemodeledbyaMarkovchainratherthanabranchingprocess. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we develop a new methodology based on stochastic context-free grammars (SCFGs),whicharewell-suitedtomodelingtree-likestructureoftheRDSrecruitmentprocess.Weapplythismethodolo