Patricia Goldman-Rakic 英文参考文献.docVIP

Obituary Patricia Goldman-Rakic The quintessential multidisciplinary scientist Pat Levitt ability to hold information “online” where she was to be in?uenced greatly by the eminent cognitive neuroscientist Haldor Rosvold, who established the ?rst laboratory at NIMH for the study of higher cortical function and complex behavior. Realizing that the fundamental biological during the processing of a task that requires retrieval and manipulation of information at successive steps to perform associations with new ideas and incoming data. The key issue for Pat, as it is for those who work in the ?eld of cognitive neuroscience in general, was to determine how mental representations are held in the brain and how such information can be accessed. She believed that understanding the essence of working memory would lead naturally to a new perspective on neuropsychiatric disorders that disrupt the central processes of cognition, such as substrates for working memory would only come from the ability to study and manipulate systems and cells, Pat adopted the non-human primate as a model system. In the context of elucidating the component psychological parts of working memory, Pat performed a series of experiments to document now well-known developmental lesion effects. Although the ability of the brain to reorganize and recover functions in early life is now a topic of much investigation, Pat’s own studies in the 1970s showed that working memory recovers remarkably well when injury to the frontal cortex occurs early in life, but that the effects are much more detrimental when injury occurs in post-adolescence. She soon followed these studies by demonstrating behavioral plasticity with modern neuroanatomical tools to illustrate a pronounced reorganization of frontal lobe circuitry accompanying restoration of working-memory schizophrenia. Pat was not alone in attributing an important role in working memory to the frontal lobes, an area of the neocortex largely expanded in N eurosci