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Pentamidine Dosage A BaseSalt Confusion 英文参考文献
PolicyPlatform
PentamidineDosage:ABase/SaltConfusion
ThomasP.C.Dorlo*,PietA.Kager
CenterforInfectionandImmunityAmsterdam(CINIMA),DivisionofInfectiousDiseases,TropicalMedicineandAIDS,AcademicMedicalCenter,UniversityofAmsterdam,
Amsterdam,TheNetherlands
In the past, two galenic formulations,
both lyophilized salts of pentamidine (see
Box 1), were available, one the 2-hydro-
xyethanesulfonic acid salt, called pentam-
idineisethionate(PentacarinatorPentam),
the other the methanesulfonic acid salt,
called pentamidine methanesulfonate or
mesylate (Lomidine). These two prepara-
tions were used interchangeably, depend-
ing on local availability and preference,
until the early 1990s when production of
In 1969 and 1979, the two different
preparations are mentioned and it is
indicated that the salts have to be back-
calculated to the appropriate base-moiety
suchthat3–4mgofbase/kgbodyweight
will be given [2,3]. In 1986, confusion
arose once more: again the two salts are
mentioned, and it is indicated that 4mg
base/kg is to be administered, but the
advised dose in millilitres per injection is
based on the labelling of the different
preparations and thus for pentamidine
Abstract: Pentamidine has along
history in the treatment of human
African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and
leishmaniasis. Early guidelines on
the dosage of pentamidine were
based on the base-moiety of the
two different formulations avail-
able. Confusion on the dosage of
pentamidinearosefromadifferent
labellingofthetwoavailableprod-
ucts, either based on the salt or
base moiety available in the prep-
aration.Weprovideanoverviewof
the various guidelines concerning
HAT and leishmaniasis over the
past decadesandshowtheconfu-
sion in the calculation of the
dosage of pentamidine in these
guidelines and the subsequent
published reports on clinical trials
andreviews.Atpresent,onlypent-
amidine isethionate is available,
but the advised dosage for HAT
and leishmaniasis is (historically)
based on the amount of pentami-
dine
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