Prospective Study of Rape Perpetration by Young South African Men Incidence Risk Factors 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Prospective Study of Rape Perpetration by Young South African Men Incidence Risk Factors 英文参考文献.doc

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ProspectiveStudyofRapePerpetrationbyYoungSouthAfricanMenIncidence

ProspectiveStudyofRapePerpetrationbyYoungSouth AfricanMen:IncidenceRiskFactors RachelJewkes1,2*,MzikaziNduna3,NwabisaJamaShai1,2,KristinDunkle4 1GenderHealthResearchUnit,MedicalResearchCouncil,Pretoria,SouthAfrica,2SchoolofPublicHealth,UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,Johannesburg,SouthAfrica, 3DepartmentofPsychology,UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,Johannesburg,SouthAfrica,4RollinsSchoolofPublicHealth,EmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,United StatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Therehasbeenverylittleprospectiveresearchonrapeperpetrationamongmen.Thispaperdescribesthe incidenceandriskfactorsfornewrapeandattemptedrapeeventsamongyoungSouthAfricanmeninanHIVprevention trial. Methods:Wefollowed1,147menaged15–26yearswhoenrolledintoaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialtoevaluatethe HIV prevention behavioural intervention Stepping Stones. Incidence rate ratios for factors associated with incident rape werederivedfromPoissonmodels. Results:Theyoungmenreported217incidentrapes(completedorattempted)ofagirlorwomanover1,914personyears offollowup,yieldingarapeincidenceof11.2per100personyears.Overall24.9%ofmenhadpreviouslyrapedatbaseline, and 18.9% did so during the follow up. Among the latter, 61.3% raped for the first time, and 38.7% re-offended. MultivariablePoissonmodellingshowedahigherincidenceofrapeperpetrationamongmenwhohadeveruseddrugs(IRR 1.8695%CI1.39,2.49),hadeightormorelifetimepartners(IRR1.4895%CI1.09,2.01),hadbeenphysicallyviolenttoward afemalepartner(IRR1.5095%CI1.11,2.03)andhaddisclosedrapeperpetrationatbaseline(IRR1.4595%CI1.07,1.97).A lowerincidencewasfoundamongthosewithgreaterresistancetopeerpressure(IRR0.8595%CI0.74,0.97). Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of male gender socialisation and addressing delinquent youth sub- culturesinrapeprevention.Preventionrequireschangeinhegemonicmasculinity,withitsemphasisongenderhierarchy, exaggeratedperformanceofheterosexualityandcontrolofwomen.Interventionsareneededtoaddressmalesocialisation withdelinquentpeers,byreducing