Prostate cancer genomics can we distinguish between indolent and fatal disease using genetic markers 英文参考文献.docVIP

Wiklund Genome Medicine 2010,2:45 /content/2/7/45 RE VIE W Prostate cancer genomics: can we distinguish between indolent and fatal disease using genetic markers? Fredrik Wiklund* increase with age, with more than 67% of men aged over Abstract 80 years having prostate cancer at time of death [3]. Prostate cancer is one of the most heritable cancers in men, and recent genome-wide association studies have revealed numerous genetic variants associated with disease. The risk variants identied using case- control designs that compared unaected individuals with all types of patients with prostate cancer show little or no ability to discriminate between indolent and fatal forms of this disease. This suggests dierent genetic components are involved in the initiation as compared with the prognosis of prostate cancer. Future studies contrasting patients with more and less aggressive disease, and exploring association with disease progression and prognosis, should be more eective in detecting genetic risk factors for prostate cancer outcome. ese ?ndings indicate that a high proportion of prostate tumors are clinically insigni?cant and will never lead to a lethal outcome. Furthermore, the introduction and widespread application of prostate-speci?c antigen (PSA) testing has led to increased detection of early-stage, low- volume, non-palpable tumors. is has in turn raised concerns of increased overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment of indolent disease [4,5]. To this end, new strategies to help clinicians distinguish between lethal and indolent prostate cancer are urgently needed. Prostate cancer is one of the most heritable cancers in men and recent studies have revealed numerous genetic variants associated with this disease. is review will give an overview of the current knowledge of prostate cancer genetics, with a special focus on the ability of genetic variants to predic