Regulators of AWC-Mediated Olfactory Plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Regulators of AWC-Mediated Olfactory Plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans 英文参考文献.doc

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Regulators of AWC-Mediated Olfactory Plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans 英文参考文献

RegulatorsofAWC-MediatedOlfactoryPlasticityin Caenorhabditiselegans DamienM.O’Halloran1,SvetlanaAltshuler-Keylin1.¤a,JinI.Lee1.¤b,NoelleD.L’Etoile1,2 * 1Center for Neuroscience,UniversityofCaliforniaDavis, Davis, California, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2Department ofPsychiatry andBehavioral Sciences University of CaliforniaDavis,Davis,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Whilemostsensoryneuronswilladapttoprolongedstimulationbydown-regulatingtheirresponsivenesstothesignal,itis not clear which events initiate long-lasting sensory adaptation. Likewise, we are just beginning to understand how the physiologyoftheadaptedcellisaltered.Caenorhabditiselegansisinherentlyattractedtospecificodorsthataresensedby thepairedAWColfactorysensoryneurons.Theattractiondiminishesiftheanimalexperiencestheseodorsforaprolonged periodoftimeintheabsenceoffood.TheAWCneuronrespondsacutelytoodor-exposurebyclosingcalciumchannels. WhileodortaxisrequiresaGasubunitprotein,cGMP-gatedchannels,andguanylylcyclases,adaptationtoprolongedodor exposurerequiresnuclearentryofthecGMP-dependentproteinkinase,EGL-4.Weaskedwhichcandidatemembersofthe olfactory signal transduction pathway promote nuclear entry of EGL-4 and which molecules might induce long-term adaptationdownstreamofEGL-4nuclearentry.Wefoundthatinitiationoflong-termadaptation,asassessedbynuclear entryofEGL-4,isdependentonG-proteinmediatedsignalingbutisindependentoffluxesincalciumlevels.Weshowthat long-termadaptationrequirespolyunsaturatedfattyacids(PUFAs)thatmayactonthetransientreceptorpotential(TRP) channeltypeVOSM-9downstreamofEGL-4nuclearentry.Wealsopresentevidencethathighdiacylglycerol(DAG)levels blocklong-termadaptationwithoutaffectingEGL-4nuclearentry.Ouranalysisprovidesamodelfortheprocessoflong- term adaptation that occurs within the AWC neuron of C. elegans: G-protein signaling initiates long-lasting olfactory adaptation by promoting the nuclear entry of EGL-4, and once EGL-4 has entered the nucleus, processes such as PUFA activationofth