“儿童认识世界的方式”Children’sway.ppt

Children’s way In many ways children live, as it was, in a different world from adults. A tale on “fish-cow” An strange animal Large body Two horns in its head Black-and-white spotted on its body Eat grass Has four stout legs and big breasts An image of a cow came into the fish’s mind…… Who made the mistake? Many people seem to overlook something , some basic facts that…… The children’s intelligence develops through their physical interactions with the environment. A child will pick up a toy in order to put it in his or her mouth. Children recognise how they can manipulate objects (i.e. shaking a rattle to make a noise ) and then achieve an understanding of object permanence(客体永久). Children often imitate （模仿）the observed behavior of others . They are able to use an object to represent something else, such as pretending a broom(扫帚) as a horse. Role playing（角色游戏） is important for them. One of the famous experiment is the three-dimensional display of a mountain scene (三山实验)： Children are asked to select a picture showing what someone else would have observed when looking at the mountain from a different viewpoint. They almost always choose the scene showing their own view of the mountain scene. Children can not aware that actions can be reversed （可逆的）until there are 6. Few children show any understanding of conservation （守恒）prior to the age of 5. Equal amounts of liquid are poured into two identical containers. The liquid in one container is then poured into a different shaped cup, such as a tall and thin cup. Children are then asked which cup holds the most liquid. They almost always choose the cup that appears fuller. Relying solely on previous experiences(已有经验), children are hard to consider possible outcomes and consequences of actions . Children have poetic logic（诗性逻辑），but have difficulty using inductive logic (归纳逻辑) or deductive logic(演绎逻辑). The Hundred Languages of Children Loris Malaguzzi No way. The hu