动词不定式主动形式被动意义.docxVIP

动词不定式主动形式被动意义 用主动形式的句子表示被动意义，并不是要用被动形式。 ①不定式作表语，被动意义，可以用主动表示，这种用法是一些习惯用法，实际上也可以用被动形式作表语：  The house is to let.该房子出租。 She is to blame.她应该受到责备。 Little remains to do.没有什么可做的了。 A great deal is yet to do.竟然还有许多事要做。 The result is not long to see.结果不久就会看到。 Something is still to find out.有些东西还有待查明。  ②with / without + 宾语 + 不定式to do结构，不定式可以看成是宾语的定语，表示即将进行的动作，如果不定式的动作是句子的主语执行，用主动式；不知道动作谁执行，用被动式。 With much money to spend, the boy was spoiled.那男孩花钱如流水，惯坏了。 Without anything to do the whole day, he felt rather dull.他整天无所事事，非常无聊。 I can’t go sightseeing with all these things to attend to.我有这么多的事要干，观光不成。 With all the world to rule, he would not be content.即便是能够统治全世界，他也不会满足。 With so much work to be done, the plan may be unrealistic.有这么多事要做，这项计划可能不切合实际。 ③It is adjective to do something / somebody. = Something / Somebody is adjective to do. =To do something / somebody is adjective. Mary is easy to teach. = It is easy to teach Mary. 句中的teach是及物动词，逻辑宾语是Mary。不定式结构的逻辑主语可以用for + somebody引出。这种用法的形容词是用来说明不定式动作发生后所产生的效果或感受。不定式结构的动作一般都是还未发生的情形。 It is easy for you to teach Mary. = To teach Mary is easy for you. = For you to teach Mary is easy.= Mary is an easy pupil (for you) to teach. 此类形容词有：amusing、awful、cheap、convenient、dangerous、difficult、easy、expensive、extraordinary、funny、hard、horrible、important、impossible、improper、inconvenient、interesting、nasty、nice、pleasant、simple、splendid、strange、unimportant、useful等，此类形容词说明进行不定式动作时会有怎么样的效果、作用或问题。 This car is expensive to overhaul.这辆车大修起来很贵的。 Frogs’ legs are nice to eat.蛙腿很好吃。 Dirty water is nasty to drink.脏水喝起来有毒。 That question is difficult to answer.那个问题很难回答。 Biographies are often interesting to read.传记经常读起来很有趣。 A tractor is useful to have on a farm.农场上有台拖拉机是很有用的。 如果不定式结构是不及物的动词，则必须在其后加上结构或含义所需的介词。 Mary is pleasant to talk to.跟玛丽谈话很舒服。 The river is dangerous to bathe in.在该河水里洗澡很危险。 A spring mattress is comfortable to sleep on.弹簧床睡起来很舒服。 Good conversation is interesting to listen to.优质会话听起来很有趣。 New countries are often exciting to go to.新兴国家去那儿令人兴奋。 ④说明