Sexually Selected Male Plumage Color Is Testosterone Dependent in a Tropical Passerine Bird, the Red-Backed Fairy-Wren (Malurus melanocephalus) 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Sexually Selected Male Plumage Color Is Testosterone Dependent in a Tropical Passerine Bird, the Red-Backed Fairy-Wren (Malurus melanocephalus) 英文参考文献.doc

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Sexually Selected Male Plumage Color Is Testosterone Dependent in a Tropical Passerine Bird, the Red-Backed Fairy-Wren (Malurus melanocephalus) 英文参考文献

SexuallySelectedMalePlumageColorIsTestosterone DependentinaTropicalPasserineBird,theRed-Backed Fairy-Wren(Malurusmelanocephalus) WillowR.Lindsay1*,MichaelS.Webster2,HubertSchwabl1 1School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America, 2Cornell Lab of OrnithologyandDepartmentofNeurobiologyandBehavior,CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Sexualsignals,suchasbrightplumagecolorationinpasserinebirds,reflectindividualquality,andtestosterone (T) may play a critical role in maintaining signal honesty. Manipulations of T during molt have yielded mixed effects on passerineplumagecolor,inmostcasesdelayingmoltorleadingtoproductionofdrabplumage.However,themajorityof thesestudieshavebeenconductedonspeciesthatundergoapost-nuptialmoltwhenTislow;theroleofTinspeciesthat acquirebreedingplumageduringapre-nuptialmoltremainslargelyunexplored. Methodology/Principal Findings: We experimentally tested the effects of increased T on plumage color in second-year malered-backedfairy-wrens(Malurusmelanocephalus),aspeciesinwhichafter-second-yearmalesundergoapre-nuptial molt into red/black (carotenoid and melanin-based) plumage and second-year males either assume red/black or brown breeding plumage. T treatment stimulated a rapid and early onset pre-nuptial molt and resulted in red/black plumage acquisition,billdarkening,andgrowthofthespermstorageorgan,buthadnoeffectonbodyconditionorcorticosterone concentrations.Controlmalesmoltedlaterandassumedbrownplumage.Ttreatedmalesproducedfeatherswithsimilar but not identical reflectance parameters to those of unmanipulated after-second-year red/black males; while reflectance spectraofredbackandblackcrownfeathersweresimilar,blackbreastfeathersdifferedinUVchroma,hueandbrightness, indicatingapotentiallyageandplumagepatch-dependentresponsetoTformelanin-vs.carotenoid-pigmentation. Conclusions/Significance:Weshowthattestosteroneisthepri