xin-第十一章几何光学汇.pptVIP

第一节. 球面成像Refraction of a Spherical Surface;一 . 单球面折射（Refraction of a Spherical Surface）;一 . 单球面折射（Refraction of a Spherical Surface）;n1;?;焦度;焦距;焦距;焦距;二 . 共轴球面系统（Coaxial Spherical System）;成像规律;Example ;To the second refractive surface ;一. 透镜的概念Lens;由两个共轴折射面构成的光学系统。;If the thickness of a lens is much smaller than curvature radius, the object and image distances, the thickness of the lens can be negligible in comparison with them. Such a lens is called thin lens.;二 . 薄透镜的成像公式 (The lens equation);对第一折射面 For the first surface; u = u1;三 . 薄透镜的焦距、焦度 ;凸透镜;三 . 薄透镜的焦距、焦度 ;四 . 薄透镜的组合System of two lenses;对第一个透镜;四. 薄透镜的组合;Cardinal points (基点): 1. Two focal points (F1, F2), 2. Two principal points ( H1, H2, first principal plane B1H1A1 and second principal plane B2H2A2), 3. Two nodes (N1, N2). ;Cardinal points (基点): ;2. Two principal points 两个主点( H1, H2, first principal plane B1H1A1 and second principal plane B2H2A2): the extension of incident ray and backward extension of refracted ray (note that the refracted line is parallel to the light axis) meet at point A1. First principal plane…;3. Two nodes 两个节点 (N1, N2), through these points, the incident line and refractive line are parallel. ;Positions of the three pairs of cardinal points are based on the specific conditions of the refractive system. When the refractive system is put in one medium, in the air for example, the two focal lengths can be proved to be equal to each other. f1 = f2 = f, N1 and H1 are at the same position, N2 and H2 are at the same position. The same equation for the thin lens can be obtained.;一 、眼的调节、视力 Adjustment and vision of the eye;1. 眼的结构 ;一 、眼的调节、视力; 从光学的观点来看，眼睛是一个由多种介质组成的折射系统。眼内各种不同介质对光线具有不同的折射作用，进入眼睛的光线，经多次折射后，才成像在视网膜上。;2 . 古氏平均眼; 角膜与空气的折射率相差最大，且角膜的曲率半径最小（约为5mm），因此，角膜的折射本领最大，它对进入眼中的光线起主要的折射作用。;4 . 眼睛的调节;5 . 视力;2 . Myopic eye ;1 . 近视眼;近视眼的矫正方法是配戴一副适当??度的凹透镜，使光线进入眼睛之前经凹透镜适当发散，再经眼睛折射后恰好在视网膜上形成清晰的像，;例题14-4 一近视眼的远点在眼前50cm处，今欲使其看清无限远的物体，则应配戴多少度的镜？;v = －0.4m ;眼睛不调节时，来自远处的平行光射入眼内经折射后会聚于视网膜