State strategies of governance in biomedical innovation aligning conceptual approaches for understanding Rising Powers in the global context 英文参考文献.docVIP

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State strategies of governance in biomedical innovation aligning conceptual approaches for understanding Rising Powers in the global context 英文参考文献.doc

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State strategies of governance in biomedical innovation aligning conceptual approaches for understanding Rising Powers in the global context 英文参考文献

SalterandFaulknerGlobalizationandHealth2011,7:3 /content/7/1/3 RESEARCH OpenAccess Statestrategiesofgovernanceinbiomedical innovation:aligningconceptualapproachesfor understanding‘RisingPowers’intheglobalcontext BrianSalter,AlexFaulkner* Abstract Background:’Innovation’hasbecomeapolicyfocusinitsownrightinmanystatesastheycompetetoposition themselvesintheemergingknowledgeeconomies.Innovationinbiomedicineisaglobalenterpriseinwhich ‘RisingPower’statesfigureprominently,andwhichundoubtedlywillre-shapehealthsystemsandhealth economiesglobally.Scientificandtechnologicalinnovationprocessesandpoliciesraisedifficultissuesinthe domainsofscience/technology,civilsociety,andtheeconomicandhealthcaremarketplace.Theproductionof knowledgeinthesefieldsiscomplex,uncertain,inter-disciplinaryandinter-institutional,andsubjecttoa continuingpoliticalstruggleforadvantage.Aspartofthisstruggle,awidevarietyofissues-regulation,intellectual property,ethics,scientificboundaries,healthcaremarketformation-areraisedandpolicyagendasnegotiated. Methods:Arangeofsocialsciencedisciplinesandapproacheshaveconceptualisedsuchinnovationprocesses. Againstabackgroundofconceptssuchasthecompetitionstateandthedevelopmentalstate,andnational innovationsystems,wegiveanoverviewofarangeofapproachesthathavepotentialforadvancingunderstanding ofgovernanceofgloballifescienceandbiomedicalinnovation,withspecialreferencetothe‘RisingPowers’,inorder toexamineconvergencesanddivergencesbetweenthem.Conceptualapproachesthatwefocusonincludethose drawnfrompoliticalscience/politicaleconomy,sociologyoftechnology;InnovationStudiesandScience TechnologyStudies.ThepaperispartofaprojectsupportedbytheUKESRC’sRisingPowersprogramme. Results:Weshowconvergencesandcomplementaritiesbetweentheapproachesdiscussed,andarguethatthe roleofthenationalstateitselfhasbecomerelativelyneglectedinmuchoftherelevanttheorising. Conclusions:Weconcludethatanapproachisrequiredthatenablesinnovationandgovernancetobeseenas ‘co-producing’eachotherinamulti-level,globaleco