Structure and Composition of Leachfield Bacterial Communities Role of Soil Texture, Depth and Septic Tank Effluent Inputs 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Structure and Composition of Leachfield Bacterial Communities Role of Soil Texture, Depth and Septic Tank Effluent Inputs 英文参考文献.doc

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Structure and Composition of Leachfield Bacterial Communities Role of Soil Texture, Depth and Septic Tank Effluent Inputs 英文参考文献

Water 2012, 4, 707-719; doi:10.3390/w4030707 OPEN ACCESS water ISSN 2073-4441 /journal/water Article Structure and Composition of Leachfield Bacterial Communities: Role of Soil Texture, Depth and Septic Tank Effluent Inputs Jose A. Amador * and Janet A. Atoyan Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Microbiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; E-Mail: jatoyan@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: jamador@; Tel.: +1-401-874-2902; Fax: +1-401-874-4561. Received: 28 June 2012; in revised form: 21 August 2012 / Accepted: 7 September 2012 / Published: 17 September 2012 Abstract: Although groundwater quality depends on microbial processes in the soil treatment area (STA) of onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS), our understanding of the development of these microbial communities is limited. We examined the bacterial communities of sand, sandy loam, and clay STAs at different depths in response to septic tank effluent (STE) addition using mesocosms. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis was used to compare the bacterial community structure and composition of STE, native soil prior to STE addition (UNX) and soil exposed to STE (EXP). Principal component analysis separated communities with depth in sand but not in sandy loam or clay. Indices of richness, diversity, and evenness followed the order: sandy loam sand clay. Analysis of TRF peaks indicated that STE contributed least to the composition of STA bacterial communities (5%–16%), followed by UNX soil (18%–48%), with the highest proportion of the community made up of TRFs not detected previously in either UNX or STE (50%–82%) for all three soils. Soil type and depth can have a marked effect on the structure and composition of STA bacterial communities, and on the relative contribution of native soil and STE to these communities. Keywords: onsite wastewater treatment systems; se