Three-Dimensional Facial Asymmetry in Attractive and Normal People from Childhood to Young Adulthood 英文参考文献.docVIP

Symmetry 2010, 2, 1925-1944; doi:10.3390/sym2041925 OPEN ACCESS symmetry ISSN 2073-8994 /journal/symmetry Article Three-Dimensional Facial Asymmetry in Attractive and Normal People from Childhood to Young Adulthood Chiarella Sforza 1,*, Alberto Laino 2, Gaia Grandi 1, Luca Pisoni 1 and Virgilio Ferruccio Ferrario 1 1 Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell’Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche “Città Studi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: Gaia.Grandi@ (G.G.); Luca.Pisoni@studenti.unimi.it (L.P.); Virgilio.Ferrario@unimi.it (V.F.F.) 2 Dental, Oral, and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; E-Mail: Alberto.Laino@unina.it * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Chiarella.Sforza@unimi.it. Received: 1 October 2010 / Accepted: 19 October 2010 / Published: 9 November 2010 Abstract: We are currently investigating measurable esthetic characteristics in persons considered “attractive” by the media. Three-dimensional soft-tissue facial asymmetry was quantified in 380 attractive (148 males, 232 females) and 669 control (397 males, 272 females) healthy persons aged 4–30 years. The coordinates of 50 facial landmarks were collected by a computerized digitizer, and asymmetry computed. Soft-tissue facial asymmetries reduced as a function of age in all cases. Attractive children were more symmetric than control children, but the reverse was true for young adults. The effect of symmetry on attractiveness seems to change as a function of age. Keywords: attractiveness; face; symmetry; three-dimensional 1. Introduction Asymmetry is a common finding in both the craniofacial hard tissues, and in the facial appearance, where the soft tissue cover (muscles, skin, adipose tissue) may partly mask the underlying imbalances [1–9]. Asymmetry is also found in