Tissue engineering in the rheumatic diseases 英文参考文献.docVIP

Available online /content/11/1/211 Review Tissue engineering in the rheumatic diseases Jochen Ringe and Michael Sittinger Tissue Engineering Laboratory and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universit?tsmedizin Berlin, Tucholskystr. 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany Corresponding author: Jochen Ringe, jochen.ringe@charite.de Published: 30 January 2009 Arthritis Research Therapy 2009, 11:211 (doi:10.1186/ar2572) This article is online at /content/11/1/211 ? 2009 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract niques stimulating self-repair of the joint) [1,2], or to endo- prothetic joint replacement. Diseases such as degenerative or rheumatoid arthritis are accom- panied by joint destruction. Clinically applied tissue engineering technologies like autologous chondrocyte implantation, matrix- assisted chondrocyte implantation, or in situ recruitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells target the treatment of traumatic defects or of early osteoarthritis. Inflammatory conditions in the joint hamper the application of tissue engineering during chronic joint diseases. Here, most likely, cartilage formation is impaired and engineered observations that mesenchymal stem cells (a) develop into joint tissues and (b) in vitro and in vivo show immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity, these cells are prominent candidates for future tissue engineering approaches for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Tissue engineering also provides highly organized three-dimen- sional in vitro culture models of human cells and their extracellular matrix for arthritis research. In the last decade, tissue engineering approaches for the repair of joint cartilage and bone defects have reached the clinic. Here, autologous cells are transplanted as cell sus- pension or in combination with supportive scaffolds into the defect site or,