Toxic ignorance and right-to-know in biomonitoring results communication a survey of scientists and study participants 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Toxic ignorance and right-to-know in biomonitoring results communication a survey of scientists and study participants 英文参考文献.doc

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Toxic ignorance and right-to-know in biomonitoring results communication a survey of scientists and study participants 英文参考文献

Environmental Health BioMedCentral Research Open Access Toxic ignorance and right-to-know in biomonitoring results communication: a survey of scientists and study participants Rachel Morello-Frosch*1, Julia Green Brody2, Phil Brown3,4, Rebecca Gasior Altman4, Ruthann A Rudel2 and Carla Pérez5 Address: 1Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management School of Public Health, 137 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA, 2Silent Spring Institute, 29 Crafts Street, Newton, MA 02458, USA, 3Department of Sociology, Brown University, Box 1916, Providence, RI 02912-1916, USA, 4Center for Environmental Studies, Brown University, Box 1943, Providence, RI 02912- 1943, USA and 5Communities for a Better Environment, 1440 Broadway Suite 701, Oakland, CA 94612, USA Email: Rachel Morello-Frosch* - rmf@; Julia Green Brody - brody@; Phil Brown - phil_brown@; Rebecca Gasior Altman - rebecca.altman@; Ruthann A Rudel - rudel@; Carla Pérez - carla@ * Corresponding author Published: 28 February 2009 Received: 12 November 2008 Accepted: 28 February 2009 Environmental Health 2009, 8:6 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-8-6 This article is available from: /content/8/1/6 ? 2009 Morello-Frosch et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Exposure assessment has shifted from pollutant monitoring in air, soil, and water toward personal exposure measurements and biomonitoring. This trend along with the paucity of health effect data for many of the pollutants studied raise ethical and scientific challenges for reporting results to study participants. Methods: We interviewed 26 individuals involved in biomonitoring studies, including academic scientists, scientists