Toxicity of Rhododendron anthopogonoides Essential Oil and Its Constituent Compounds towards Sitophilus zeamais 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Toxicity of Rhododendron anthopogonoides Essential Oil and Its Constituent Compounds towards Sitophilus zeamais 英文参考文献.doc

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Toxicity of Rhododendron anthopogonoides Essential Oil and Its Constituent Compounds towards Sitophilus zeamais 英文参考文献

Molecules 2011, 16, 7320-7330; doi:10.3390/moleculeOPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Article Toxicity of Rhododendron anthopogonoides Essential Oil and Its Constituent Compounds towards Sitophilus zeamais Kai Yang 1, Yu Xin Zhou 2,*, Cheng Fang Wang 3, Shu Shan Du 3, Zhi Wei Deng 4, Qi Zhi Liu 1 and Zhi Long Liu 1,* 1 Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China 2 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China 3 State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 4 Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: herbcom@163.com (Y.-X.Z.); zhilongliu@ (Z.-L.L.); Tel.: +86-10 Fax: +86-10 Received: 11 July 2011; in revised form: 15 August 2011 / Accepted: 16 August 2011 / Published: 25 August 2011 Abstract: The screening of several Chinese medicinal plants for insecticidal principles showed that essential oil of Rhododendron anthopogonoides flowering aerial parts possessed significant toxicity against maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais. A total of 37 components were identified in the essential oil and the main constituents of the essential oil were 4-phenyl-2- butanone (27.22%), nerolidol (8.08%), 1,4-cineole (7.85%), caryophyllene (7.63%) and γ-elemene (6.10%), followed by α-farnesene (4.40%) and spathulenol (4.19%). Repeated bioactivity-directed chromatographic separation on silica gel columns led us to isolate three compounds, namely 4-phenyl-2-butanone, 1,4-cineole, and nerolidol. 4-Phenyl-2-butanone shows pronounced contact toxicity against S. zeamais (LD50 = 6.98 μg/adult) and was more toxic than either 1,4-cineole or nerolidol (LD50 = 50.86 μg/adult and 29.30 μg/adult, respectively) against the maize weevils, while the crude essen