Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Monitoring Soil Erosion in Morocco 英文参考文献.docVIP

Remote Sens. 2012, 4, 3390-3416; doi:10.3390/rs4113390 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Monitoring Soil Erosion in Morocco Sebastian d’Oleire-Oltmanns 1,*, Irene Marzolff 1, Klaus Daniel Peter 2 and Johannes B. Ries 2 1 Remote Sensing GIS Research Group, Department of Physical Geography, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; E-Mail: marzolff@em.uni-frankfurt.de 2 Department of Physical Geography, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany; E-Mails: peterk@uni-trier.de (K.D.P.); riesj@uni-trier.de (J.B.R.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: doleire@em.uni-frankfurt.de. Received: 30 August 2012; in revised form: 16 October 2012 / Accepted: 17 October 2012 / Published: 7 November 2012 Abstract: This article presents an environmental remote sensing application using a UAV that is specifically aimed at reducing the data gap between field scale and satellite scale in soil erosion monitoring in Morocco. A fixed-wing aircraft type Sirius I (MAVinci, Germany) equipped with a digital system camera (Panasonic) is employed. UAV surveys are conducted over different study sites with varying extents and flying heights in order to provide both very high resolution site-specific data and lower-resolution overviews, thus fully exploiting the large potential of the chosen UAV for multi-scale mapping purposes. Depending on the scale and area coverage, two different approaches for georeferencing are used, based on high-precision GCPs or the UAV’s log file with exterior orientation values respectively. The photogrammetric image processing enables the creation of Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and ortho-image mosaics with very high resolution on a sub-decimetre level. The created data products were used for quantifying gully and badland erosion in 2D and 3D as well as for the an