EST(4.形容词性从句定语从句).pptVIP

* 四．形容词性从句------定语从句 I．定语从句的引导词： ⑴．关系代词：在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语 We must take measures which can prevent corrosion. He is the engineer whom they knew very well. Light is the form of energy which enables us to see. ⑵.关系副词：在从句中作状语 The days when we had to rely on “foreign oils” have gone forever. We know the reason why metals have little use in their pure state. II.定语从句的种类： ⑴．限制性定语从句：一般紧跟在先行词之后，两者间无逗号。 The force that causes everything to fall toward ground is called gravity. ⑵.非限制性定语从句：与主句用逗号相隔，其先行词可以是一个名词或代词，也可以是一个句子或句子的一部分。 This type of meter is called a multimeter,which is used to measure electricity. 从语法上讲，两者只有一点差别，但却能引起句意的巨大差别。如： The cells which have been used up must be changed.用完了的电池都得换掉。 The cells, which have been used up, must be changed.这些电池，都用完了，都得换掉。 前者受从句限制，特指“用完了的电池”；后者则不受从句约束，“这些电池”便可多可少。 以下是一个更为极端的例子： I will wear no clothes which will distinguish me from my fellow-men. 我不喜欢穿那种会使我显得与众不同的服装。 I will wear no clothes ,which will distinguish me from my fellow-men. 我喜欢光着身子，这样就会使得我与众不同。 前者的先行词为clothes,后者的先行词则为前面的句子，故两者的意义迥异. II．定语从句的形式: 定语从句的种类只有两种，但结构形式却是多种多样，科技英语中常见的有下列形式： 1.“介词+which+….” 1). “介词+which+”构成介词短语，在句中作定语，主要介词是of ,表示两种关系： ①所有关系，如： A force can be represented by a strait line, the length of which reprenets the magnitude of the force and the direction of which reprensents the direction in which the force acts. ( 一个力可用一条直线来表示，线的长度表示力的大小，线的方向表示力作用的方向。) 两个of which 分别是length 和 direction的定语，表示所有关系，构成名词短语在从句中作主语。 ②部分与全体的关系，如： There are 105 elements found in nature,most of which are metals. 自然界中已发现有105元素，其中大多数是金属） 类似结构主要有： a majorty of which 其中大多数 one oF which 其中只一 some of which 其中一些 each of which 其中每一个 2）“介词+which”构成介词短语，在从句中作状语，相当于一个关系副词，如： The reason for which (=why)he did that is quite obvious. (他那样作的原因是明显的) This the method in which (=how)the potiential difference is found (这是求电位差的方法) 3）“介词+which”,其中介词是从句中动词短语的组成部分，介词一般位于动词之后，但科技英语中常常提前