新编简明英语语言学Chapter9Languageandculture.docVIP

Chapter 9 Language and culture语言与文化 知识点： *Definition: culture; cultural diffusion The relationship between language and culture # Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis *Linguistic evidence of cultural differences Cultural overlap and diffusion 考核目标： 识记：Definition: culture; cultural diffusion 领会：Cultural overlap and diffusion; Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis; Linguistic evidence of cultural differences 简单应用：The relationship between language and culture 定义 1.Culture文化：including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community.由信仰，风俗，目标，机构，技术和语言构成，具有人类社区生活的特征。 2.Cultural diffusion文化扩散：through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 通过交际，A文化中的某些成分进入了B文化，并成为了B文化的一部分。 知识点 9.2 what is culture? Culture文化：including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community.由信仰，风俗，目标，机构，技术和语言构成，具有人类社区生活的特征。 Two types of culture: 1. material culture物质文化： is concrete, substantial and observable.具体的，实质的，可观察到的（e.g.意识文化、信念、价值观，时空概念） 2. spiritual culture精神文化：is abstract, implicit, and hidden. 抽象的，多义的，不可见的。 9.3 the relationship between language and culture语言与文化的关系 1. language is a part of culture 2. language is the primary means for cultural transmission 文化传播 3. some linguistic differences are due to cultural differences 4. Various cultures will have different responses反映 to the same word. The one hand, language is an integral part of human being permeates his thinking and way of viewing world. On the other, language, as a system of spoken or written symbols used by people in a shared culture to communicate with each other, reflects and affects a culture’s way of thinking and helps perpetuate and change the culture and its influence, which also facilitates the developments of this language at the same time.一方面，语言作为人类密不可分的一部分，渗入了他的思想和世界观，既表达了文化现实，也体现了文化现实。在另一方面，语言作为文化的产物，也有助于文化的恒定，而且，语言运用中的变体也反过来反映了文化的变化。