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Effect of physical activity and sun exposure on vitamin D status of Saudi children and adolescents.doc

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Effect of physical activity and sun exposure on vitamin D status of Saudi children and adolescents

Al-Othmanetal.BMCPediatrics2012,12:92 /1471-2431/12/92 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess Effectofphysicalactivityandsunexposureon vitaminDstatusofSaudichildren andadolescents AbdulazizAl-Othman1,2,SaraAl-Musharaf3,NasserMAl-Daghri1,4,5,10*,SoundararajanKrishnaswamy4, DeqaSYusuf1,KhalidMAlkharfy1,6,YousefAl-Saleh1,7,OmarSAl-Attas1,4,5,MajedSAlokail1,4,5,OsamaMoharram8, ShaunSabico4andGeorgePChrousos4,9 Abstract Background:AccumulatingevidencesuggestsanincreasedprevalenceofvitaminDdeficiencyintheMiddleEast. Inthiscontext,weaimedtodeterminewhethertheprevalenceofvitaminDdeficiencyisrelatedtodegreeof physicalactivityandsunexposureamongapparentlyhealthySaudichildrenandadolescents,alittlestudied population. Methods:Atotalof331Saudichildrenaged6–17years(153boysand178girls)wereincludedinthiscross sectionalstudy.Levelsofphysicalactivityandsunexposureweredeterminedusingastandardquestionnaire. Anthropometry,serumcalciumand25-(OH)vitaminDwereanalyzed. Results:AllsubjectswerevitaminDdeficient,themajoritybeingmoderatelydeficient(71.6%).Agewasthesingle mostsignificantpredictoraffecting25(OH)VitaminDlevels,explaining21%ofthevarianceperceived(p=1.68x 10-14).Age-matchedcomparisonsrevealedthatforgroupshavingthesameamountofsunexposure,thosewith moderateorarephysicallyactivewillhavehigherlevelsofvitaminDstatus,thoughlevelsinacrossgroups remaineddeficient. Conclusion:VitaminDdeficiencyiscommonamongSaudichildrenandadolescents,andisinfluencedbyboth sunexposureandphysicalactivity.PromotionofanactiveoutdoorlifestyleamongSaudichildreninbothhomes andschoolsmaycounteractthevitaminDdeficiencyepidemicinthisvulnerablepopulation.VitaminD supplementationissuggestedinallgroups,includingthosewiththehighestsunexposureandphysicalactivity. Keywords:VitaminD,Saudichildren Background radiation (UVB) [8], higher skin pigmentation and low The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has increased intakeof vitaminD[9].Otherfactorssuchasmutations rapidlyworldwideinbothchildrenandadultsduringthe in vitamin D recepto