Electroacupuncture at the ST36 acupoint increases interleukin-4 responsiveness in macrophages, generation of alternatively activated macrophages and susceptibility to Leishmania major infection.docVIP

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Electroacupuncture at the ST36 acupoint increases interleukin-4 responsiveness in macrophages, generation of alternatively activated macrophages and susceptibility to Leishmania major infection.doc

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Electroacupuncture at the ST36 acupoint increases interleukin-4 responsiveness in macrophages, generation of alternatively activated macrophages and susceptibility to Leishmania major infection

Aguiaretal.ChineseMedicine2012,7:17 /content/7/1/17 RESEARCH OpenAccess ElectroacupunctureattheST36acupoint increasesinterleukin-4responsivenessin macrophages,generationofalternatively activatedmacrophagesandsusceptibilityto Leishmaniamajorinfection DanilloNAguiar*,MayaraMSilva,WalkiVParreira,FernandaDTome,LucasFBatista,ClaysonMGomesand MiltonAPOliveira Abstract Background:Electroacupuncture(EA)hasbeenusedtotreatinflammatorydiseases.Alternativelyactivated macrophages(AAMo)stimulatedbycytokinessuchasinterleukin(IL)-4,IL-10andIL-13areanti-inflammatoryand mildlymicrobicidal.ThisstudyaimedtoevaluatewhetherEAattheZusanliacupoint(ST36)wouldchangethe profileofhealthymurinemacrophages,particularlythegenerationofAAMoandsusceptibilitytoLeishmaniamajor infection. Methods:BALB/cmiceweretreatedwithEA(15/30Hz)attheST36acupointfor20min/dfor5d.Afterthefinal EAsession,themicewereeuthanizedandtheirperitonealcellswereharvestedandcountedfordeterminationof arginaseactivity,nitricoxide(NO)productionandmicrobicidalactivityaftercultureinthepresenceorabsenceof IL-4,interferon-γ(IFNγ)orlipopolysaccharide(LPS)orbothIFNγandLPS.TwelvemicewereinfectedwithL.major promastigotesintothefootpadsafterthefinalEAsessionandtheinfectioncoursewasmonitored. Results:PeritonealcellsfreshlyobtainedfromEA-treatedmicehadsimilararginaseandmicrobicidalactivitiesto cellsfromsham-treatedmice.AfterculturewithIL-4,cellsfromEA-treatedmiceexhibitedsignificantincreasesin thearginaseactivity(sham:58±11.3vs.EA:80.7±4.6%,P=0.025)andnumberofparasites/infectedcell(sham: 2.5±0.4vs.EA:4.3±0.8cells,P=0.007).TheNOproductionwaslowerincellsfromEA-treatedmiceculturedinthe presenceofacombinationofIFNγandLPS(sham:31.6±6.5vs.EA:22.3±2.1μM,P=0.025).Thelesionsizeinmice infectedwithL.majorpromastigoteswaslargerinEA-treatedmice(sham:3.26±0.29vs.EA:2.23±0.4mm, P =0.039). Conclusion:EAattheST36acupointincreasesIL-4responsivenessinmacrophages,GenerationofAAMoand susceptibilitytoL.majorinfection *Correspondence:dnafisio@.br DepartmentofMicro