Electrochemical L-Lactic Acid Sensor Based on Immobilized ZnO Nanorods with Lactate Oxidase.docVIP

Sensors 2012, 12, 2456-2466; doi:10.3390/s120302456 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Electrochemical L-Lactic Acid Sensor Based on Immobilized ZnO Nanorods with Lactate Oxidase Zafar Hussain Ibupoto *, Syed Muhammad Usman Ali Shah, Kimleang Khun and Magnus Willander Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrk?ping, Link?ping University, SE-60174, Norrk?ping, Sweden; E-Mails: usman.ali@liu.se (S.M.U.A.S.); kimleang.khun@liu.se (K.K.); magnus.willander@liu.se (M.W.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: zafar.hussain.ibupoto@liu.se; Tel.: +46-0-11-363-119; Fax: +46-0-11-363-270. Received: 28 December 2011; in revised form: 29 January 2012 / Accepted: 21 February 2012 / Published: 23 February 2012 Abstract: In this work, fabrication of gold coated glass substrate, growth of ZnO nanorods and potentiometric response of lactic acid are explained. The biosensor was developed by immobilizing the lactate oxidase on the ZnO nanorods in combination with glutaraldehyde as a cross linker for lactate oxidase enzyme. The potentiometric technique was applied for the measuring the output (EMF) response of L-lactic acid biosensor. We noticed that the present biosensor has wide linear detection range of concentration from 1 × 10?4–1 × 100 mM with acceptable sensitivity about 41.33 ± 1.58 mV/decade. In addition, the proposed biosensor showed fast response time less than 10 s, a good selectivity towards L-lactic acid in presence of common interfering substances such as ascorbic acid, urea, glucose, galactose, magnesium ions and calcium ions. The present biosensor based on immobilized ZnO nanorods with lactate oxidase sustained its stability for more than three weeks. Keywords: zinc oxide nanorods; lactate oxidase enzyme; glutaraldehyde; potentiometric nanostructured biosensor; nanodevices 1. Introduction Semiconductor metal oxide nanostructures based nanosensors have wide appli