Epidemiology of smoking among Malaysian adult males prevalence and associated factors.docVIP

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Epidemiology of smoking among Malaysian adult males prevalence and associated factors.doc

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Epidemiology of smoking among Malaysian adult males prevalence and associated factors

Limetal.BMCPublicHealth2013,13:8 /1471-2458/13/8 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess EpidemiologyofsmokingamongMalaysianadult males:prevalenceandassociatedfactors HockKuangLim1*,SumarniMohdGhazali2,CheongCheeKee2,KuayKuangLim1,YingYingChan1, HueyChienTeh1,AhmadFaudziMohdYusoff2,GurpreetKaur1,ZarihahMohdZain3, MohamadHanikiNikMohamad4andSallehuddinSalleh5 Abstract Background:ThreeNationalHealthandMorbiditySurveys(NHMSs)hadbeenconductedinMalaysiain10-year intervalsfrom1986–2006.BasedonthelatestNHMSsurveyin2006,wedescribetheprevalenceofsmokingand identifythesocialanddemographicfactorsassociatedwithsmokingamongadultmalesinMalaysia. Methods:Across-sectionalstudyamong15,639Malaysianadultmalesaged18yearsandabovewasconducted usingproportionaltosizestratifiedsamplingmethod.Thesocio-demographicvariablesexaminedwerelevelof education,occupation,maritalstatus,residentialarea,agegroupandmonthlyhouseholdincome. Results:TheprevalenceofsmokingamongadultmalesinMalaysiawas46.5%(95%CI:45.5–47.4%),whichwas3% lowerthanadecadeago.Meanageofsmokinginitiationwas18.3years,andmeannumberofcigarettessmoked dailywas11.3.PrevalenceofsmokingwashighestamongtheMalays(55.9%)andthoseaged21–30years(59.3%). Smokingwassignificantlyassociatedwithlevelofeducation(noeducationOR2.0995%CI(1.67–2.60),primary schoolOR1.95,95%CI(1.65–2.30),secondaryschoolOR1.88,95%CI(1.63–2.11),withtertiaryeducationasthe referencegroup).Maritalstatus(divorceOR1.67,95%CI(1.22–2.28),withmarriedasthereferencegroup),ethnicity (Malay,OR2.29,95%CI(1.98–2.66;ChineseOR1.2395%CI(1.05–1.91),OtherBumisOR1.75,95%CI(1.46–2.10, othersOR1.4895%CI(1.15–1.91),withIndianasthereferencegroup),agegroup(18–20yearsOR2.36,95%CI (1.90–2.94);20–29yearsOR3.31,95%CI2.82–3.89;31–40yearsOR2.85,95%CI(2.47–3.28);41–50yearsOR1.93, 95%CI(1.69–2.20);51–60yearsOR1.32,95%CI(1.15–1.51),with60year-oldandaboveasthereferencegroup) andresidentialarea(ruralOR1.12,95%CI(1.03–1.22))urbanasreference. Conclusion:TheprevalenceofsmokingamongMalaysianmalesremainedhighinspiteofseveral