Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Is the Most Effective Cancer Chemopreventive Polyphenol in Green Tea.docVIP

Nutrients 2012, 4, 1679-1691; doi:10.3390/nu4111679 OPEN ACCESS nutrients ISSN 2072-6643 /journal/nutrients Article Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Is the Most Effective Cancer Chemopreventive Polyphenol in Green Tea Guang-Jian Du 1,2, Zhiyu Zhang 1,2, Xiao-Dong Wen 1,2, Chunhao Yu 1,2, Tyler Calway 1,2 , Chun-Su Yuan 1,2,3 and Chong-Zhi Wang 1,2, * 1 Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mails: gdu@ (G.-J.D.); zhiyu@ (Z.Z.); cpuwxd@ (X.-D.W); chunhaoyu@ (C.Y.); tyler.calway@ (T.C.); cyuan@ (C.-S.Y.) 2 3 Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: cwang@; Tel.: +1-773-702-0166; Fax: +1-773-834-0601. Received: 10 October 2012; in revised form: 23 October 2012 / Accepted: 5 November 2012 / Published: 8 November 2012 Abstract: Green tea is a popular drink consumed daily by millions of people around the world. Previous studies have shown that some polyphenol compounds from green tea possess anticancer activities. However, systemic evaluation was limited. In this study, we determined the cancer chemopreventive potentials of 10 representative polyphenols (caffeic acid, CA; gallic acid, GA; catechin, C; epicatechin, EC; gallocatechin, GC; catechin gallate, CG; gallocatechin gallate, GCG; epicatechin gallate, ECG; epigallocatechin, EGC; and epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG), and explored their structure-activity relationship. The effect of the 10 polyphenol compounds on the proliferation of HCT-116 and SW-480 human colorectal cancer cells was evaluated using an MTS assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic effects were analyzed by flow cytometry after staining with propidium iodide (P