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Exploring ethical considerations for the use of biological and physiological markers in population-based surveys in less developed countries.doc

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Exploring ethical considerations for the use of biological and physiological markers in population-based surveys in less developed countries

Globalization and Health BioMedCentral Debate Open Access Exploring ethical considerations for the use of biological and physiological markers in population-based surveys in less developed countries Gregory Pappas*1 and Adnan A Hyder2 Address: 1Chairman, Department of Community Health Science, Aga Khan University, 3500 Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan and 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of International Health and Berman Bioethics Institute, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Email: Gregory Pappas* - gregory_pappas@; Adnan A Hyder - ahyder@ * Corresponding author Published: 28 November 2005 Received: 06 April 2005 Accepted: 28 November 2005 Globalization and Health 2005, 1:16 doi:10.1186/1744-8603-1-16 This article is available from: /content/1/1/16 ? 2005 Pappas and Hyder; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. population based health surveysethical standardsless developed countries Abstract Background: The health information needs of developing countries increasingly include population-based estimates determined by biological and physiological measures. Collection of data on these biomarkers requires careful reassessment of ethical standards and procedures related to issues of safety, informed consent, reporting, and referral policies. This paper reviews the survey practices of health examination surveys that have been conducted in developed nations and discusses their application to similar types of surveys proposed for developing countries. Discussion: The paper contends that a unitary set of ethical principles should be followed for surveys around the world that precludes the danger of creating do