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Factor analysis of attentional set-shifting performance in young and aged mice.doc

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Factor analysis of attentional set-shifting performance in young and aged mice

Tanakaetal.BehavioralandBrainFunctions2011,7:33 /content/7/1/33 RESEARCH OpenAccess Factoranalysisofattentionalset-shifting performanceinyoungandagedmice ShojiTanaka1*,JaredWYoung2,JodiEGresack2,MarkAGeyer2andVictoriaBRisbrough2 Abstract Background:Executivedysfunctionmayplayamajorroleincognitivedeclinewithagingbecausefrontallobe structuresareparticularlyvulnerabletoadvancingage.Lesionstudiesinratsandmicehavesuggestedthat intradimensionalshifts(IDSs),extradimensionalshifts(EDSs),andreversallearningaremediatedbytheanterior cingulatecortex,themedialprefrontalcortex,andtheorbitofrontalcortex,respectively.Wehypothesizedthatthe latentstructureofcognitiveperformancewouldreflectfunctionallocalizationinthebrainandwouldbealteredby aging. Methods:Young(4months,n=16)andaged(23months,n=18)C57BL/6Nmiceperformedanattentionalset- shiftingtask(ASST)thatevaluatessimplediscrimination(SD),compounddiscrimination(CD),IDS,EDS,andreversal learning.Theperformancedataweresubjectedtoanexploratoryfactoranalysistoextractthelatentstructuresof ASSTperformanceinyoungandagedmice. Results:Thefactoranalysisextractedtwo-andthree-factormodels.Inthetwo-factormodel,thefactorassociated withSDandCDwasclearlyseparatedfromthefactorassociatedwiththerestoftheASSTstagesintheyoung miceonly.Inthethree-factormodel,theSDandCDloadedondistinctfactors.Thethree-factormodelalso showedaseparationoffactorsassociatedwithIDS,EDS,andCDreversal.However,theotherreversallearning variables,IDreversalandEDreversal,hadsomewhatinconsistentfactorloadings. Conclusions:Theseparationofperformancefactorsinagedmicewaslessclearthaninyoungmice,which suggeststhatagedmiceutilizeneuronalnetworksmorebroadlyforspecificcognitivefunctions.Theresultthatthe factorsassociatedwithSDandCDwereseparatedinthethree-factormodelmaysuggestthattheintroductionof anirrelevantordistractingdimensionresultsintheuseofanew/orthogonalstrategyforbetterdiscrimination. Background advancingage[4-7].Executivecontrolsupportsadaptation Agingcausesdeclinesincognitivefunct