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Viruses 2011, 3, 1870-1890; doi:10.3390/v3101870
OPEN ACCESS
viruses
ISSN 1999-4915
/journal/viruses
Review
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) Neutralization: A Review
Margaret J. Hosie *, Daniela Pajek, Ayman Samman and Brian J. Willett
Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Henry Wellcome
Building for Comparative Medical Sciences, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
E-Mails: d.pajek.1@research.gla.ac.uk (D.P.); aymansamman@ (A.S.);
brian.willett@glasgow.ac.uk (B.J.W.)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: margaret.hosie@glasgow.ac.uk;
Tel.: +44-141-330-2193; Fax: +44-141-330-2271.
Received: 1 September 2011; in revised form: 28 September 2011 / Accepted: 29 September 2011 /
Published: 13 October 2011
Abstract: One of the major obstacles that must be overcome in the design of effective
lentiviral vaccines is the ability of lentiviruses to evolve in order to escape from
neutralizing antibodies. The primary target for neutralizing antibodies is the highly variable
viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), a glycoprotein that is essential for viral entry and
comprises both variable and conserved regions. As a result of the complex trimeric nature
of Env, there is steric hindrance of conserved epitopes required for receptor binding so that
these are not accessible to antibodies. Instead, the humoral response is targeted towards
decoy immunodominant epitopes on variable domains such as the third hypervariable loop
(V3) of Env. For feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), as well as the related human
immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), little is known about the factors that lead to the
development of broadly neutralizing antibodies. In cats infected with FIV and patients
infected with HIV-1, only rarely are plasma samples found that contain antibodies capable
of neutralizing isolates from other clades. In this review
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