phonetics要点.pptVIP

Speech organs Speech organs 美语发音网站 /~acadtech/phonetics/english/frameset.html Sections of the chart: Consonants (Pulmonic) Consonants (Non-Pulmonic) Vowels Diacritics (p.29) Other Symbols Suprasegmentals Tones Word Accents Classification of sounds Vowels are produced without any obstruction of the air stream in the mouth, voiced (with the vibration of the vocal cords) . Consonants are produced with some form of obstruction of the air passage, voiced or voiceless. Description of consonants How to describe the consonants [p] voiceless bilabial stop [b] voiced bilabial stop [s] voiceless alveolar fricative [z] voiced alveolar fricative Exercises on consonants Give the Phonetic symbol for the sound descriptions Voiced palatal approximate Voiceless labiodental fricative Voiced alveolar stop Voiced glottal fricative Describe the following sounds [t] [e ] [? ] [? ] [p] Underline the words that begin with a sound as required. A bilabial consonant: mad sad bad cad pad had lad A velar consonant: nod god cod pod rod Labiodental consonant: rat fat sat mat chat vat pat An alveolar consonant: nick lick sick tick kick quick A palato-alveolar consonant: sip ship tip chip lip zip A dental consonant: lie buy thigh thy tie rye Cardinal vowels Cardinal vowels are a set of reference vowels used by phoneticians in describing the sounds of languages. With the cardinal vowel as reference, the vowel in a particular language can be accurately described without much difficulty. E.g. The English [i:]: front of the tongue in a bit lower and more centralized position than the cardinal [i] The English [e]: is pronounced with the front of the tongue in a position between the cardinal between [i] and [?] Table of cardinal vowels Cardinal IPA description 1 [i] close front unrounded vowel 2 [e] close-mid front unrounded vowel 3 [?] open-mid front unrounded vowel 4 [a] open front unrounded vowel 5 [ɑ]