翻译第一讲教材.ppt

《越人歌》 “山有木兮木有枝，心悦君兮君不知” 张培基：翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。 （1983） NidaTaber: Translating consists in reproducing in the receptors’ language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.(1969) I am getting chilled to the bone. What can Freddy be doing all this time? He’s been gone 20 minutes. 冷死我了。弗莱第这半天是干什么去了？他去了20分钟了。 Well, it ain’t my fault, missus. 这怪不着咱啊，太太。 What the devil use would they be to Jack? Jack 要他们作什么屁用。 If my mother had known of it， she’d have died a second time. 如果妈妈知道，她一定气的从棺材里跳出来。 Catford：Translation may be defined as the replacement of textual material in one language (the source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (the target language). (1965) 王佐良：翻译不仅涉及语言问题，也涉及文化问题……, 不了解语言当中的社会文化，谁也无法真正掌握语言。 Swan Song 绝笔，最后作品 It was Friday *and soon theyd go out and get drunk. 星期五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。 *星期五为英国的发薪日。如不解释，译入语读者就不会明白英国人为什么要在这一天上街去大吃大喝。 I am as poor as Job, my lord, but not so patient. 我象约伯一样穷的，大人，可是却没有他那样的好耐心。 *在《圣经》中，约伯以忍耐贫穷著称。 Translation is a science. Translation is an art. Translation is a craft. Translation is a skill. Translation is an operation. Translation is a communication. 3. Criteria and Principles of Translation 翻译的标准之争由来已久，“文质之争”、“直译意译之争”、“归化异化之争”，不一而足 A. Yan Fu’s (严复) “three character guide”, which was first proposed in 1898, is the principle of “faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance” (信、达、雅). “译事三难：信、达、雅” B. Some revisions such as faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (信、达、切)，刘重德 ; 奈达（美国）Eugene A. Nida：(functional equivalrnce)动态对等：译文读者或译入语听众对于译文或译语的反应，要和原文读者或原文讲话听众对于原文或原讲话的反应进行比较，如果大体一致，就是质量上乘的译文。 Peter Newmark: Comunicative and semantic Translation 泰勒（英国）：翻译三原则：（1）要将原作的意思全部转移到译文上来；（2）译文应当具备原作的风格和文体；（3）译文和原作要同样的流畅。 忠实准确、通顺流畅和风格得体可以说是所有标准的共核，三者的次序不可颠倒。忠实准确指译文必须忠实于原文的内容，把原文内容完整准确地转达出来。 He wanted to learn, to know, to teach. 他渴望博学广闻，喜欢追根穷源，并且好为人师。 改译为：他想学习，增长知识，也愿意把自己的知识教给别人。 She didn’t attend the