ChapterFive词的意义和成分分析.pptVIP

Chapter FiveWord Meaning and Componential Analysis 词的意义和成分分析 Meanings of “meaning” Motivation of meaning Types of meaning Components of word meaning 5.1 Word Meaning What is a word? A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function. 词是具有一定的声音、意义和语法功能，能独立运用的最小的语言单位。 1.What is ‘word meaning’? linguistic form（sign） cat /k?t/ (phonological form) : a small four-legged animal with soft fur and sharp claws cat 猫 Word meaning can be defined as a reciprocal (相互的) relation between name and meaning. 词的意义是名称与意思的联系。 ‘Meaning’ is what the form stands for. Eg: desk: something you sit at and you do your work 2. What is reference（所指关系）? It is the relationship between language and the world.所指关系是语言与客观外界之间的相互关系。 cat 猫 （linguistic sign） referent By means of reference, a speaker indicates which things in the world (including persons) are being talked about.通过这种相互关系，说话人指称外界的事物或人。 It is the relationship between words and the things, actions, events, and qualities they stand for. For example, the word ‘tree’ refers to the object ‘tree’. In other words, only when a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a referent, i.e., an object, a phenomenon, a person, etc. does the sign become meaningful 换言之，只有当语言符号与所指物---物体、现象、人等之间建立某种联系，这个符号才获得意义。 The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. This connection is the result of generalization and abstraction. 词与外界事物的这种指称关系是任意的，又是约定俗成的。是高度概括的，是从同类事物中抽象出来的。 3. What is concept? It is the general idea or meaning which is associate with a word or symbol in a person’s mind. 指词或符号在人脑中的大致印象或意义。 Many and much both have the same concept but collocate with different words. die—pass away, quarrel ---- argue （