英语长句类型和翻译方法.docVIP

英语长句的类型及翻译方法 摘要：英语以长句为主，翻译也多以长句常见，这是由英语自身的特点决定的。英语语言丰修饰关系复杂结构变化多样，翻译时既要注意原文成分之间的关系，也要考虑到内在的逻辑关系，在必要时对句式做适当变动使其符合汉语表达习惯。文章从英语长句的几种类型入手介绍和探讨了英语长句的类型及翻译方法。 关键词：长句 翻译 类型 方法 翻译对语言学习者来说是一门重要学科，它是语言学习所能达到的最高境界。它是用一种形式把另一种形式里的内容重新表现出来的语言实践活动。因此，这就要求译者不仅要有扎实的基本功，还要具备一定的自身条件，否则翻译便无从入手。 1．英语长句的类型 1．1 头重脚轻式 这类长句全句大多为一简单句，但修饰语多而复杂，置于句首；主干部分较短，置于句末。例如： Once in the sunlit street, with laborers tramping by in either direction , the horse-cars passing crowded to the rails with small clerks and floor help in the great whole-sale houses, and men and women generally coming out of doors and passing about the neighborhood,Carrie felt slightly reassured. 分析：这是一个简单句。修饰语多而杂，置于句首；主干部分(Carrie felt slightly reassured.)置于句末。“嘉丽走到这条街上，才觉得稍微放心了些”是主干，但却很短，且置于句末；前面有两个介词短语和两个独立主格结构短语，修饰语多而杂，置于句首，显得头重脚轻。 1．2 头轻脚重式 这类长句虽然长，但仍为简单句。其主语部分置于句首，谓语部分较长，且夹杂许多修饰语；也常见主语部分的中心词带有修饰、限定语或句中语法形式上的主语词被其他独立成分将其与谓语部分阻隔开。例如： This conviction can only be reinforced by the magnificent resolve demonstrated by the fraternal countries of Egypt and Syria in exploding the myth of invincibility of the expansionst state of Isracl through their just struggle to reover occupied Arab territories. 分析：这个句子是一个简单句，主语部分较短，置于句首。谓语部分（can only be reinforced)修饰语多而较长，置于句末。 1．3 主从环扣式 这类是主局和从句靠关联词语衔接，从句中再套从句，环环相扣。在翻译中要大量对付的就是这类长句。例如： As the centennial anniversaries of noteworthy events and signal births come round,frequent and importunate as tax-bills, fearful with superlatives as schoolgirls letters, wearisome with iteration as a succession of drum-solos, noisy with trumpet-blowing through the land as the jubilee of Israel, we are, perhaps, in danger of getting tired of reminiscences. 分析：这个句子由一个主句（we are, perhaps ,in danger of getting tired of reminiscences.）和一个从句英语长句与汉语基本一致,可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and