Bonesoftrunk躯干骨.ppt

Abbreviations of Terms a., aa. artery, arteries ant. anterior f. fibre or fiber inf. inferior lig. ligament ln. lymph node m., mm. muscle, muscles n., nn. nerve, nerves post. posterior sup. superior v. vein The Locomotor System 运动系统 Composed Bones 骨 Joints 关节 Muscles 骨骼肌 Major function Support 支持 Protection 保护 Locomotion 运动 Introduction of the osteology 骨学总论 Classification of bone Bones in adult are 206 in number. Bones are classified according to their position and shape. The position can be: skull 颅骨 bones of trunk 躯干骨 appendicular skeleton 四肢骨 Types of shape include: 1. long bone 长骨 2. short bone 短骨 3. flat bone 扁骨 4. irregular bone 不规则骨 Introduction of the osteology 骨学总论 1. Long bones (found in limbs): Diaphysis or shaft 骨干 Which is hollow (medullary cavity 骨髓腔) Filled with bone marrow Two ends－epiphysis 骺 Articular surface 关节面 Metaphysis 干骺端 Epiphysial cartilage 骺软骨 Epiphysial line 骺线 2. Short bones Cuboidal in shape, e.g. carpal bones Introduction of the osteology 骨学总论 3. Flat bones: thin 4. Irregular bones: Have any irregular or mixed shape, e.g. vertebrae Pneumatic bones 含气骨 Sesamoid bones 籽骨 develop within tendon General structures of bone 骨的构造 1. Bony substance 骨质 2. Periosteum 骨膜 3. Bone marrow 骨髓 4. Vessels and nerve General structures of bone 骨的构造 1. Bony substance 骨质 compact bone 骨密质 spongy bone 骨松质 Trabeculae 骨小梁 General structures of bone 骨的构造 ※In the flat bones of the skull, the layers of compact bone are called the outer plate 外板and inner plate 内板, while the layer of spongy bone is called the diplo? 板障 General structures of bone 骨的构造 2. Periosteum 骨膜: Outer or fibrous layer Inner layer is vascular and provides the underlying bone with nutrition. It also contains osteoblasts (成骨细胞)and osteoclasts (破骨细胞) Endosteum 骨内膜 is a single-cellular osteogenic layer lining the inner surface of