被动语态(The Passive Voice).docVIP

被动语态（The Passive Voice） 概述 用语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是位于动作的承受者，即动作的对象。本章着重讨论被动语态。从语义上来说，被动语态的句子中的谓语与主语构成动宾关系；被动语态的基本结构是助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化，其规则与联系动词be一样。 现以及物动词keep为例，列出以下主动和被动时态对照表： 时态/动词形式 主动态 被动态 一般现在时 现在进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 条件语气 条件语气完成时 不定式一般式 不定式完成式 现在分词/动名词 分词完成式 keeps is keeping kept was keeping has kept had kept will keep would keep would have kept to keep to have kept keeping having kept is kept is being kept was kept was being kept has been kept had been kept will be kept would be kept would have been kept to be kept to have been kept being kept having been kept 提示1：含情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时，由“情态动词（can, may, must等）+ be + 过去分词”构成。例如： The task can be fulfilled in two weeks. The project may be completed within three months. 提示2：某些系动词，如get, become, grow等，可以用来代替动词，构成被动语态。例如： He got married several years ago. She became scared of the sudden sight of such an ugly man. 系动词get+过去分词表示的被动语态结构更加口语化，另外，get + 过去分词的结构还往往表示主语遭受某种伤害或者遭遇到麻烦。例如： He got injured in the traffic accident. He got trapped in the lift when there was a power failure. Take the map with youy in case you should get lost . 典型考题 1．被动语态的各种时态 1）Not only ____ as a cooked dish the world over, but it is also used as the base of many other foods, condiments, and even beverages. (托福1998-8) A) eating rice B) rice is eaten C) people eat rice D) is rice eaten 2）Tools, a workshop, and some storage space were ____ for early experiments in aviation. (托福1998-5) required all that B) all that was required C) all the requirements that D) such that all the requirements 3）The coherent light of a laser ____ entirely of synchronized waves of a single frequency that travel in the same direction. (托福1997-12 NA) A)it composes B) to compose it C) is composed D) is composing it 4）The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ____ and perfected now. (1996-1) developed B) have developed C) are being developed D)will have been de