文体修辞 Unit 3 Exercises.docxVIP

Unit 3 ExercisesExercises 1grammetrics: Gram-metrics is the ways in which grammatical units are fitted into metrical units such as lines and stanzas.marked theme: marked theme can be defined as the unusual clause theme, that means when the literary writer tend to achieve certain literary effects, they would place any of the rest of the clause elements instead of the expected or unmarked theme of a main clause in the thematic position.apocope: Apo-cope is the omission of a final part of a word.Affixation:Affixation is the addition of a prefix or suffix to an item already existed in the language.E.g. The already existed word “recycle” is the combination of the prefix “re-” which means “again” and the already existed item “cycle”.However, “balconyful” is an typical example of word coined by extension of the rule of affixation. It is the result of the addition of the suffix “-ful” which means as much as will fill the thing specified” to the item “balcony”. Compounding:Compounding is the combination of two or more items(morphemes) to make a single compound word.E.g. The already existed word “absent-minded” is the combination of the item “absent” and the item “mind” plus “ed”. However, the coined word “else-minded” in Hopkin’s line is formed by extension of the word-formation rule: adv. (or adj.)+ “ed” participle. This kind of coinage is for special use in some occasions. Conversion:Conversion, which is often described as “zero affixation”, is the adaptation of an item to a new grammatical function without changing its form.For example, a noun can be used as a verb: the noun “father” in “Don’t father me!” wrote by H.G. Wells is changed to a verb. Thus, according to the context, the sentence has two interpretations: “Don’t call me father!” and “Don’t speak to me as if you were the father!”Graphology: It is meant the encoding of meaning in visual symbols. Aphesis: the omission of an initial part of a word.Eg: thou on whose stream, ’mid the steep sky’s commotion. (’mid is ‘