2017考研英语长难句课程讲义.docxVIP

考研英语长难句课程讲义课程简介：内容：考研真题长难句原因：长难句贯穿完形，阅读，翻译，对写作也有借鉴作用目标：看得懂长难句（阅读）?会翻译长难句（翻译）?会写长难句（写作）课时安排：8月份5次课 I．理论＋区分主从句II．翻译技巧与定语从句专题III．名词性从句专题IV. 长难句中的并列专题V. 特殊的长难句（倒装句省略句等）和综合练习学习方法：长“难”句难在哪儿？生词＋复杂结构（主从／修饰关系）如何看懂长难句？两步走：第一步（宏观）：分清主句从句第二步（微观）：定位主句和从句内部的修饰成分（定／状语为主）简单复习语法：谓语与动词的区别：谓语是句子成分，动词是词性，谓语一定是动词。定语与状语的区别：定语修饰主语和宾语（名／代），状语修饰动词，形容词和句子什么是简单句？一切复杂句（并列句／复合句／复杂复合句）都是由五种简单句而来：主语＋谓语 My skin burns.主语＋谓语（系动词）＋表语 I am a teacher.／You look good.主语＋谓语＋直接宾语 I love you.主语＋谓语＋间接宾语+直接宾语 The firm gave Sam a watch.主语＋谓语＋直接宾语＋宾语补足语 You make me happy.什么是并列句？一般由并列连词and, but, so, yet连接，或者由“；”连接。各个并列句同等重要且独立存在。举例： I know you, and/but/so/yet I hate you.什么是主从复合句？形容词性从句（定语从句）：从句作定语，修饰名词，代词或整个句子。先行词和关系代词（引导词）。定语从句常见引导词有which, that, who, whose, whom, when, where, as, whereby例子：A doctor examined the astronauts who returned from space today.名词性从句：主要包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。名称由来根据该从句所做成分而定，从句做主语就叫主语从句，依此类推。名词性从句常见引导词：which, what, who, whom, that, when, where, howI．表语从句： I am what I am.II. 主语从句： Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up. III. 宾语从句：Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. IV. 同位语从句：People who work in offices are frequently referred to as “white-collar workers” for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. 点播：发现定语从句和名词性从句的区别了么？名词性从句在主句中做成分(是主句的一部分)，而定语从句修饰主句(与主句可以切割开)。名词性从句中的that在从句中不做成分，只是起连接作用。但定语从句的that在从句中一定做成分。副词性从句（状语从句）：时间／地点／原因／目的／条件／让步／比较／方式状语从句。状语从句常见引导词：when, while, as, before, after, since, until, where, because, for, so that, in order to, so as to, if, unless, although, though, even if, than, the way等例子： Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted.读懂长难句“两步走”第一步：宏观——分清主句从句关键：区分主从句关键在于找到谓语（动词），并区分主从句谓语（动词）技巧：1. 需要学会区分谓语动词与动词的非谓语形式（i.e.不定式，动名词，尤其是过去分词） 2. 区分主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词：顺着该谓语动词往前找，先遇到引导词说明该谓语为从句谓语，先遇到其他谓语（或无谓语也无引导